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| 1 | Intelligent and connected vehicles: Current status and future perspectives显示文摘Intelligent connected vehicles(ICVs) are believed to change people's life in the near future by making the transportation safer,cleaner and more comfortable. Although many prototypes of ICVs have been developed to prove the concept of autonomous driving and the feasibility of improving traffic efficiency, there still exists a significant gap before achieving mass production of high-level ICVs. The objective of this study is to present an overview of both the state of the art and future perspectives of key technologies that are needed for future ICVs. It is a challenging task to review all related works and predict their future perspectives, especially for such a complex and interdisciplinary area of research. This article is organized to overview the ICV key technologies by answering three questions: what are the milestones in the history of ICVs; what are the electronic components needed for building an ICV platform; and what are the essential algorithms to enable intelligent driving? To answer the first question, the article has reviewed the history and the development milestones of ICVs. For the second question, the recent technology advances in electrical/electronic architecture, sensors, and actuators are presented. For the third question, the article focuses on the algorithms in decision making, as the perception and control algorithm are covered in the development of sensors and actuators. To achieve correct decision-making, there exist two different approaches: the principle-based approach and data-driven approach. The advantages and limitations of both approaches are explained and analyzed. Currently automotive engineers are concerned more with the vehicle platform technology, whereas the academic researchers prefer to focus on theoretical algorithms. However, only by incorporating elements from both worlds can we accelerate the production of high-level ICVs. | YANG DianGe JIANG Kun ZHAO Ding YU ChunLei CAO Zhong XIE ShiChao XIAO ZhongYang JIAO XinYu WANG SiJia ZHANG Kai | 2018 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2018，61，10： | 31 |
| 2 | A highly active oxygen evolution electrocatalyst: Ultrathin CoNi double hydroxide/CoO nanosheets synthesized via interface-directed assembly显示文摘成本效率、稳定的氧进化 electrocatalyst 为改进精力存储和变换效率是必要的。此处, 2D nanosheets 与随机 cross-linked CoNi 分层的双氢氧化物(LDH ) 并且小咕咕叫 nanocrystals 被设计并且综合经由在在空中的 situ 减小和 interfacedirected 汇编。CoNi LDH/CoO nanosheets 的形成被归因于界面的紧张驾驶的含水的 metaloxide 簇的强壮的挤出。获得了松开、多孔的 nanosheets 由于众多的缺点的存在展出了低 crystallinity。由于在金属 3d 和 O 2p 之间的轨道的杂交, orbitals,和电子在在场的 CoNi LDH 通过 NiOCo,很多个公司和 Ni 原子在金属原子之间转一个高 +3 原子价。在氧进化反应(OER ) 的高密度的这些唯一的特征结果活跃地点,改进与的亲密关系哦 和催化剂,并且为离子吸附和运输导致一个大可存取的表面区域和可渗透的隧道。因此,产生 nanosheets 向 OER 展出了高催化的活动。CoNi LDH/CoO 在碱的媒介展示了 1.48 V 的一个低发作潜力,并且在 10 妈据獥漠 ? 楬桧 ?L 潳灲楴湯漠 ? 桴 ? 的当前的密度要求了仅仅 300 mV 的过电位 ?? 潢瑴浯摥琠慲獮業瑴湡散吗?? | Jun Wu Zhiyu Ren Shichao Du Lingjun Kong Bowen Liu Wang Xi Jiaqing Zhu Honggang Fu | 2016 | Nano Research2016，9，3： | 25 |
| 3 | Observation analysis on characteristics of formation,evolution and transition of a long-lasting severe fog and haze episode in North China显示文摘An unusual fog and haze event lasted for one week took place during 1–7 December,2011 over North China.To investigate the characteristics and mechanism of formation,evolution,and transition of the fog and haze event,we studied the microphysical properties such as aerosol,cloud condensation nuclei(CCN),fog droplet spectrum and liquid water content(LWC),as well as horizontal visibility and boundary layer properties,using the data collected in the Project of Low-Visibility Weather Monitoring and Forecasting in the Beijing-Tianjin region.The results indicate that the long-lasting fog and haze event occurred in a high pressure weather system and calm wind condition.The stable boundary-layer structure resulted from temperature inversions that were built by warm advection and radiation cooling provided a favorable condition for the accumulation of polluted aerosols and the formation and development of the fog and haze event.In particular,the continuous southerly wet flow advection made the process a persistent and long-lasting event.The horizontal visibility was almost below 2 km in the whole process,and the lowest visibility was only 56 m.The average LWC was about 10-3 g m-3,and the maximum LWC reached 0.16 g m-3.The aerosol number concentration was more than 10000 cm-3,and its mass concentration ranged from 50 to 160 -g m-3.The further study shows that the fog and haze event experienced three main processes in different intensities during the whole period,each process could be divided into three main stages:aerosol accumulation,transition and mixture of aerosol and fog,and dissipation.Each stage had different physical features:the aerosol accumulation stage was characterized by the increase of aerosol number concentration in Aitken nuclei and accumulation mode sequentially.In the transition and mixing stage of fog and haze,the latent heating produced by fog droplet condensation process and high aerosol number concentration condition intensified the Brownian coagulation process,which induced the small size of aerosols to become larger ones and enhanced the CCN activation process,thereby promoting the explosive development of the fog event.The ratio of aerosol activated to CCN reached 17%,and the ratio of CCN converted to fog droplet exceeded 100%,showing an explosively broadening of fog droplet spectrum.The decrease and dissipation of the fog was caused by an increased solar radiation heating or the passage of cold frontal system. | GUO LiJun GUO XueLiang FANG ChunGang ZHU ShiChao | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，3： | 22 |
| 4 | Farmland marginalization in the mountainous areas: Characteristics, influencing factors and policy implications显示文摘基于 SPOT-5 图象, 1:1 百万张地志的地图,到森林工程和重庆森林工程的回来的农田的地图,聚会和经济统计,等等,这份报纸识别影响农田 marginalization 的特征和因素。结果出现了:(1 ) 在 20022012 期间,农田 marginalization 的率是 16.18% ,它主要在北 Qiyao 山的高区域和南部的 Qiyao 山的中等高度的区域被发现。并且这农田 marginalization 将增加,与农村劳动者的 non-agriculturalization 和留下的劳动者的老化联系了。(2 ) 举起,来自村庄的距离半径和道路连接在农田 marginalization 上有大影响。农田 marginalization 率随举起的增加显示出一个增加的趋势,并且 60.88% 全部的农田 marginalization 区域在海水平上面在比 1000 m 大的高度被发现。marginalization 趋势也从分发网络与斜坡和距离增加。(3 ) 农田区域每劳动者和农场劳动者的平均年龄是驾驶农田 marginalization 的主要因素。农田转移和小农业机械集合关于管理和生产率效率影响农田 marginalization。(4 ) 有 comparative-disadvantage-dominated marginalization 的农田说明了 55.32% 全部的农田 marginalization 区域,由地点主导的 marginalization (33.80%) 列在后面。(5 ) 根据每种真实状况的细节,不同政策被建议减轻 marginalization。一条连续 marginalization 政策将在地面主导的 marginalization 鼓励农田的回来到森林。一条 anti-marginalization 政策被建议创造新农村住所并且改进农村道路系统抵抗地面主导的 marginalization。并且另一条 anti-marginalization 政策被计划改进管理并且为 comparative-disadvantage-dominated marginalization 微机械化。一个新想法被开发与调查信息集成高分辨率遥感和统计数据在多山的区域识别陆地 marginalization 和它的驱动力。 | SHAO Jing'an ZHANG Shichao LI Xiubin | 2015 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2015，25，6： | 22 |
| 5 | Effect of different concentrations of surfactant on the wettability of coal by molecular dynamics simulation显示文摘Anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)at varying concentrations was selected to investigate the influence on the wettability of Zhaozhuang Coal by molecular dynamics simulation.Six groups of water/surfactant/coal systems with different concentrations were constructed.The influence of surfactant with different concentrations on the wettability of coal was concluded by analyzing various properties from the energetic behaviors to the dynamic characteristics.The results show that the interfacial tension decreases sharply and then rises slowly with the increase of SDBS surfactant concentration,obtaining that surfactants can obviously reduce the interfacial tension.The surfactant molecules could be detected at the water/coal interface through analyzing the system’s relative concentration distribution.In addition,the difference in the wettability of surfactants on coal surfaces is caused by the spatial distribution differences of alkyl chains and the benzene ring of the surfactant molecules.And the negative interaction energy between SDBS and the coal surface indicates that adsorption process is spontaneous.Furthermore,it is of great practical significance for improving the dust reduction effect and reducing the disaster of coal dust by exploring the effects of surfactant molecules on the wettability of coal. | Junqing Meng Feifei Yin Shichao Li Ruquan Zhong Zeyuan Sheng Baisheng Nie | 2019 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2019，29，4： | 20 |
| 6 | Excellent Structure-Based Multifunction of Morpho Butterfly Wings: A Review显示文摘 | Shichao Niu Bo Li Zhengzhi Mu Meng Yang Junqiu Zhang Zhiwu Han Luquan Ren | 2015 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2015，12，2： | 19 |
| 7 | Synthesis and characterization of an environmentally friendly PHBV/PEG copolymer network as a phase change material显示文摘Novel environmentally friendly poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PHBV/PEG) copolymer networks were synthesized through free-radical solution polymerization with PHBV diacrylate (PHBVDA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as macromers. The molecular structure of PHBV/PEG copolymer network was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR). The morphology of the PHBV/PEG copolymer network was characterized by polarization optical microscopy. Thermal energy storage properties, thermal reliability and thermal stability were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the PHBV/PEG copolymer network hindered the growth of PEG crystalline segments or PHBV segments. PHBV/PEG copolymer network had a higher latent heat enthalpy, which didn't reduce with the components of PHBV increased. Moreover, PHBV/PEG copolymer network still had good thermal stability even at 300 ℃. These results suggested that such environmentally friendly copolymer network would have wide applications in phase change energy storage materials. | XIANG HengXue WANG ShiChao WANG RenLin ZHOU Zhe PENG Cheng ZHU MeiFang | 2013 | Science China Chemistry2013，56，6： | 18 |
| 8 | Modeling of degradation kinetics of Salvianolic acid B at different temperatures and pH values显示文摘In this work,the effects of degradation time,temperature,and pH value on the degradation of Salvianolic acid B in aqueous solution were determined.Higher pH values,higher extraction temperature,and longer extraction time led to more degradation of Salvianolic acid B.Danshensu concentration increased as Salvianolic acid B degraded.A mechanism model was developed considering the degradation of Salvianolic acid E and lithospermic acid,which were two degradation products of Salvianolic acid B.The reverse reactions of Salvianolic acid B degradation were also considered.Degradation kinetic constants were calibrated.The degradation kinetics of Salvianolic acid B,lithospermic acid,and Danshensu in a Salvia miltiorrhiza extract aqueous solution were predicted using the mechanism model.The predicted concentrations agreed well with the experimental results.This model was developed using degradation data obtained from simple composition systems,but it can be applied in a complex botanical mixture with high prediction accuracy. | Xingchu Gong Shichao Huang Jianyang Pan Haibin Qu | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2017，25，1： | 16 |
| 9 | Coaxial multi-interface hollow Ni-AI203-ZnO nanowires tailored by atomic layer deposition for selective- frequency absorptions显示文摘 | Lili Yan Jia Liu Shichao Zhao Bin Zhang Zhe Gao Huibin Ge Yao Chen Maosheng Cao Yong Qin | 2017 | Nano Research2017，10，5： | 13 |
| 10 | A lumbrokinase isozyme targets hepatitis B e-antigen显示文摘Dear Editor, Hepatitis B Virus(HBV)infection remains a major health problem worldwide despite the availability of a highly ef- fective preventive vaccine.HBV genome codes several distinct proteins,among which the non-particulate e-antigen(HBeAg)is one of the important markers in HBV infection. Sera containing HBeAg are highly infectious but those with anti-HBeAg have little infectivity. | Yuan Zhou Xiumei Wang Shichao Fan Rongqiao He | 2018 | Science China(Life Sciences)2018，61，12： | 12 |
| 11 | Erosion-Resistant Surfaces Inspired by Tamarisk显示文摘 | Zhiwu Han Wei Yin Junqiu Zhang Jialian Jiang Shichao Niu Luquan Ren | 2013 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2013，10，4： | 11 |
| 12 | Characterization of Multi-scale Morphology and Superhydrophobicity of Water Bamboo Leaves and Biomimetic Polydi- methylsiloxane (PDMS) Replicas显示文摘 | Huiying Guan Zhiwu Han Huina Cao Shichao Niu Zhihui Qian Junfeng Ye Luquan Ren | 2015 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2015，12，4： | 8 |
| 13 | Flexible design of gradient multilayer nanofilms coated on carbon nanofibers by atomic layer deposition for enhanced microwave absorption performance显示文摘阻抗匹配为完成高效率的微波吸收器是重要的。象纯金属和碳 nanomaterials 那样的绝缘的损失材料的高传导性通常由于在吸收器和表情之间匹配的低阻抗导致差的吸收。因为他们的吸引人的特征,碳 nanostructures 很包括低密度,高表面区域,和好稳定性为高效率的吸收正在答应候选人。此处,新策略被建议改进作为一个例子用 electrospun 碳 nanofibers 绝缘的损失材料匹配的阻抗。碳 nanofibers 与明确地设计的坡度是涂的有逐渐地增加 electroconductibility 的多层的 nanofilms 由与不同艾尔 2 O 3 内容(偶氮) 旁边原子层免职。也就是,坡度 nanofilms 由绝缘的电影的五层组成纯艾尔 2 O 3, 偶氮(5:1,到艾尔 2 O 3), 纯 ZnO,偶氮(10:1 ) ,并且偶氮(20:1 ) 。万用的坡度电影用作中间的层调节在空气和碳 nanofiber 表面之间匹配的阻抗。因此,与讲道理地选择的厚度的电影显著地展出的坡度涂的碳 nanofibers 提高了微波吸收性能,和最佳的思考损失活动范围在有仅仅 1.8 公里的厚度的 16.2 GHz 的 58.5 dB。这个工作能进一步帮助理解阻抗匹配到微波吸收的贡献。我们的策略是一般的并且能被使用在新窗户中在另外的 fields.Open | Shichao Zhao Lili Yan Xiaodong Tian Yequn Liu Chaoqiu Chen Yunqin Li Jiankang Zhang Yan Song Yong Qin | 2018 | Nano Research2018，11，1： | 8 |
| 14 | Design of high performance nanozymes: a single-atom strategy显示文摘Nanozymes, nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics,are emerging as novel artificial enzymes (Gao et al., 2007;Manea et al., 2004;Yan, 2018). They are superior to natural enzymes in many ways, such as higher stability, lower cost in preparation, and better robustness toward harsh environments (Wei and Wang, 2013). | Shichao Lin Hui Wei | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，5： | 8 |
| 15 | In-situ structure reconstitution of NiCo2Px for enhanced electrochemical water oxidation显示文摘Gaining insight into the structure evolution of transition-metal phosphides during anodic oxidation is significant to understand their oxygen evolution reaction(OER) mechanism, and then design highefficiency transition metal-based catalysts. Herein, NiCo_2P_x nanowires(NWs) vertically grown on Ni foam were adopted as the target to explore the in-situ morphology and chemical component reconstitution during the anodic oxidation. The major factors causing the transformation from NiCo_2P_x into the hierarchical NiCo_2P_x@CoNi(OOH)_x NWs are two competing reactions: the dissolution of NiCo_2P_x NWs and the oxidative re-deposition of dissolved Co^(2+) and Ni^(2+) ions, which is based primarily on the anodic bias applied on NiCo2 Px NWs. The well balance of above competing reactions, and local pH on the surface of NiCo_2P_x NW modulated by the anodic oxidation can serve to control the anodic electrodeposition and rearrangement of metal ions on the surface of NiCo_2P_x NWs, and the immediate conversion into CoNi(OOH)_x. Consequently, the regular hexagonal CoNi(OOH)_x nanosheets grew around NiCo_2P_x NWs.Benefiting from the active catalytic sites on the surface and the sufficient conductivity, the resultant NiCo_2P_x@CoNi(OOH)_x arrays also display good OER activity, in terms of the fast kinetics process, the high energy conversion efficiency, especially the excellent durability. The strategy of in-situ structure reconstitution by electrochemical reaction described here offers a reliable and valid way to construct the highly active systems for various electrocatalytic applications. | Xue Bai Zhiyu Ren Shichao Du Huiyuan Meng Jun Wu Yuzhu Xue Xiaojun Zhao Honggang Fu | 2017 | Science Bulletin2017，62，22： | 8 |
| 16 | Phytoplankton composition and its ecological effect in subsurface cold pool of the northern Bering Sea in summer as revealed by HPLC derived pigment signatures显示文摘CHEMTAX analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) pigment was conducted to study phytoplankton community structure in the northern Bering Sea shelf, where a seasonal subsurface cold pool emerges. The results showed that fucoxanthin(Fuco) and chlorophyll a(Chl a) were the most abundant diagnostic pigments, with the integrated water column values ranging from 141 to 2 160 μg/m2 and 477 to 5 535 μg/m2, respectively. Moreover, a diatom bloom was identified at Sta. BB06 with the standing stock of Fuco up to 9 214 μg/m3. The results of CHEMTAX suggested that the phytoplankton community in the northern Bering Sea shelf was dominated by diatoms and chrysophytes with an average relative contribution to Chl a of 80% and 12%, respectively, followed by chlorophytes, dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes. Diatoms were the absolutely dominant algae in the subsurface cold pool with a relative contribution exceeding 90%, while the contribution of chrysophytes was generally higher in oligotrophic upper water. Additionally, the presence of a cold pool would tend to favor accumulation of diatom biomass and a bloom that occurred beneath the halocline would be beneficial to organic matter sinks, which suggests that a large part of the phytoplankton biomass would settle to the seabed and support a rich benthic biomass. | ZHUANG Yanpei JIN Haiyan LI Hongliang CHEN Jianfang WANG Bin CHEN Fajin BAI Youcheng LU Yong TIAN Shichao | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，6： | 7 |
| 17 | Interconnected 1D Co3O4 nanowires on reduced graphene oxide for enzymeless H2O2 detection显示文摘无酶的氢过氧化物(H < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 2 O < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 有高敏感和优秀选择的 2 ) 察觉为临床的诊断是合乎需要的。此处,一个维的公司 < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 3 O < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 4 nanowires 成功地经由一个简单热水的过程和随后的热处理在减少的 graphene 氧化物(rGO ) 上被构造了。这些公司 < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 3 O < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 4 nanowires,由小 nanoparticles 集合了,与对方一起被交叉并且在 rGO 上使一只蜘蛛成为像网的结构。公司的形成 < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 3 O < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 4 个 -rGO 混血儿被归因于 DDA 的指导结构、抛锚的角色并且分别地去。产生结构为事散开拥有丰富的活跃地点,电子的面向的传播,和未受阻碍的小径,它资助公司 < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 3 O < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 有优秀 electrocatalytic 性能的 4 个 -rGO 混血儿。作为结果,获得的公司<潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”> 3 O <潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”> 4 个 -rGO 混血儿能为 H 用作有效电气化学的催化剂<潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”> 2 O <潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”> 2 氧化和高度敏感察觉。在生理的条件下面, H 的氧化电流<潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”> 2 O <潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”> 2 与 1.14 妈的敏感从 0.015~0.675 公里关于它的集中线性地变化?????????????? | Lingjun Kong Zhiyu Ren Nannan Zheng Shichao Du Jun Wu Jingling Tang Honggang Fu | 2015 | Nano Research2015，8，2： | 7 |
| 18 | Application of deep learning in ecological resource research:Theories, methods, and challenges显示文摘Ecological resources are an important material foundation for the survival,development,and self-realization of human beings.In-depth and comprehensive research and understanding of ecological resources are beneficial for the sustainable development of human society.Advances in observation technology have improved the ability to acquire long-term,cross-scale,massive,heterogeneous,and multi-source data.Ecological resource research is entering a new era driven by big data.Traditional statistical learning and machine learning algorithms have problems with saturation in dealing with big data.Deep learning is a method for automatically extracting complex high-dimensional nonlinear features,which is increasingly used for scientific and industrial data processing because of its ability to avoid saturation with big data.To promote the application of deep learning in the field of ecological resource research,here,we first introduce the relationship between deep learning theory and research on ecological resources,common tools,and datasets.Second,applications of deep learning in classification and recognition,detection and localization,semantic segmentation,instance segmentation,and graph neural network in typical spatial discrete data are presented through three cases:species classification,crop breeding,and vegetation mapping.Finally,challenges and opportunities for the application of deep learning in ecological resource research in the era of big data are summarized by considering the characteristics of ecological resource data and the development status of deep learning.It is anticipated that the cooperation and training of cross-disciplinary talents may promote the standardization and sharing of ecological resource data,improve the universality and interpretability of algorithms,and enrich applications with the development of hardware. | Qinghua GUO Shichao JIN Min LI Qiuli YANG Kexin XU Yuanzhen JU Jing ZHANG Jing XUAN Jin LIU Yanjun SU Qiang XU Yu LIU | 2020 | Science China Earth Sciences2020，63，10： | 7 |
| 19 | Field test of HTS receivers on CDMA demonstration cluster in China显示文摘This paper presents the field test of our first demonstration cluster with five base stations (BTS) on code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communication in China, while each BTS was installed with a high temperature superconductor (HTS) receiver. The HTS receivers have the same centre frequency of 830 MHz, a bandwidth of 13 MHz, and a noise figure (NF) of 0.9 dB. After the conventional receivers in the BTSs were replaced by the HTS receivers, a consequent drive test was carried out. A 2.35 dB decrease of the mean mobile transmit power was observed in the demonstration cluster. | WEI Bin GUO XuBo PIAO YunLong JIN ShiChao ZHANG XiaoPing GAO LongMa PENG HuiLi YIN ZheSheng CAO BiSong | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，4： | 7 |
| 20 | Characteristics of gas evolution profiles during coal pyrolysis and its relation with the variation of functional groups显示文摘Strict relation between the substituents or functional groups attached to the coal macromolecules and the generation of the volatile products, e.g., CH4 H2O, CO, CO2, etc., during the coal pyrolysis is an important but confusing subject. In this paper, quadrupole mass spectronletry, gas chromatography, and ^l3C nuclear magnetic resonance are applied to real-time monitoring the formations of volatile products, off-line quantitative determination of the total products from the pyrolysis of a sub-bituminous coal (SC), and the changes of diverse substitents in the SC along with coke foamation, respectively. These measurements are also performed for the pyrolysis of a caking coal to contrast SC. The qualitative and quantitative data reveal that, during coal pyrolysis, the functional groups related with the formation of CO, i.e., ether, carbonyl, and anhydride, can directly gen erate CO via bond breaking, or take a detour of the formation of other intermediates via condensation and recombination firstly. Moreover, the formations of CO2 and CH4 are related to the direct removal of -COO- and -CH3,respectively. | Lu Zhang Shichao Qi Norihiro Takeda Shinji Kudo Junichiro Hayashi Koyo Norinaga | 2018 | International Journal of Coal Science & Technology2018，5，4： | 7 |
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