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| 1 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，3： | 43 |
| 2 | 人类与自然耦合系统显示文摘人类与自然系统不断地相互作用促使人类与自然耦合系统(CHANS)的形成与发展。近期的研究揭示了人类与自然耦合系统在组织、空间以及时间上耦合的复杂性。这些耦合在相互作用方面从直接演化到更间接;在联结方面从邻近演化到更远距离;在尺度上,从局部演化到全球;在模式和过程上,从简单演化到复杂。解开如相互影响和突发属性的复杂性,能够导致新的科学发现,并且对于开发生态和社会经济可持续性的有效政策是非常重要的。以解决关于人类与自然耦合系统的基本问题和迎接社会的空前挑战为目的的,真正整合不同学科的机会正显现出来。 | 刘建国 Thomas Dietz Stephen R.Carpenter Carl Folke Marina Alberti Charles L.Redman Stephen H.Schneider Elinor Ostrom Alice N.Pell Jane Lubchenco William W.Taylor 欧阳志云 Peter Deadman Timothy Kratz William Provencher 张淑敏 | 2007 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2007，36，B12： | 13 |
| 3 | Passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and assessment of clinical outcomes显示文摘AIM To assess for passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS) and compare outcomes with maximally dilated TIPS.METHODS Polytetrafluoroethylene covered TIPS(Viatorr) from July 2002 to December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed at two hospitals in a single institution. Two hundred and thirty patients had TIPS maximally dilated to 10 mm(m TIPS), while 43 patients who were at increased risk for hepatic encephalopathy(HE), based on clinical evaluation or low pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient(PSG), had 10 mm TIPS sub-maximally dilated to 8 mm(sm TIPS). Group characteristics(age, gender, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, post-TIPS PSG and clinical outcomes were compared between groups, including clinical success(ascites or varices), primary patency,primary assisted patency, and severe post-TIPS HE. A subset of fourteen patients with sm TIPS underwent follow-up computed tomography imaging after TIPS creation, and were grouped based on time of imaging(< 6 mo and > 6 mo). Change in diameter and crosssectional area were measured with 3D imaging software to evaluate for passive expansion.RESULTS Patient characteristics were similar between the sm TIPS and m TIPS groups, except for pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient, which was lower in the sm TIPS group(19.4 mm Hg ± 6.8 vs 22.4 mm Hg ± 7.1, P = 0.01). Primary patency and primary assisted patency between sm TIPS and m TIPS was not significantly different(P = 0.64 and 0.55, respectively). Four of the 55 patients(7%) with sm TIPS required TIPS reduction for severe refractory HE, while this occurred in 6 of the 218 patients(3%) with m TIPS(P = 0.12). For the 14 patients with follow-up computed tomography(CT) imaging, the median imaging follow-up was 373 d. There was an increase in median TIPS diameter, median percent diameter change, median area, and median percent area change in patients with CT follow-up greater than 6 mo after TIPS placement compared to follow-up within 6 mo(8.45 mm, 5.58%, 56.04 mm^2, and 11.48%, respectively, P = 0.01).CONCLUSION Passive expansion of sm TIPS does occur but clinical outcomes of sm TIPS and m TIPS were similar. Sub-maximal dilation can prevent complications related to overshunting in select patients. | Michael C Hsu Charles N Weber S William Stavropoulos Timothy W Clark Scott O Trerotola Richard D Shlansky Goldberg Michael C Soulen Gregory J Nadolski | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，12： | 11 |
| 4 | Transradial versus transfemoral access for anterior circulation mechanical thrombectomy: analysis of 375 consecutive cases显示文摘Objective To compare transradial artery access(TRA)to the gold standard of transfemoral artery access(TFA)in mechanical thrombectomy(MT)for stroke caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.Methods The clinical outcomes,procedural speed,angiographic efficacy and safety of both techniques were analysed in 375 consecutive cases over an 18-month period in a high volume statewide neurointerventional service.Results There was no significant difference in patient characteristics,stroke parameters,imaging techniques or intracranial techniques.The median time elapsed between CT scanning and reperfusion was 96.5 min(IQR 68-123)in the TFA group and 95 min(IQR 68-123)in the TRA group(p=0.456).Of 336 patients who were independent at presentation 58%(124/214)of the TFA group and 67%(82/122)of the TRA group had a modified Rankin score of 0-2 at 90-day follow-up(p=0.093).Cross-over from radial to femoral was 4.6%(4/130)compared with 1.6%cross-over from femoral to radial(4/245),but did not meet the predetermined level of statistical significance(OR2.92,95% CI 0.81 to 10.52,p=0.088) and did not impact median procedural speed.Adequate angiographic reperfusion,first pass reperfusion,embolisation to new territory and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage were similar in both groups.There was a significant difference in major access site complications requiring an additional procedure.None of the TRA cases had a major access site complication but 6.5%(16/245)of the TFA cases did(p=0.003).Conclusion This study suggests that using TRA for anterior circulation MT is fast,efficacious,safe and not inferior to the gold standard of TFA. | Timothy John Phillips Matthew Thomas Crockett Gregory D Selkirk Ruchi Kabra Albert Ho Yuen Chiu Tejinder Singh Constantine Phatouros William McAuliffe | 2021 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2021，6，2： | 7 |
| 5 | Two decades of variable retention in British Columbia: a review of its implementation and effectiveness for biodiversity conservation显示文摘Stand-level retention is an important component of sustainable forest management which aims to balance ecological,social and economic objectives.Long-term retention of mature forest structures at the time of harvesting(variable retention)is intended to produce future forest stands that more closely resemble conditions that develop after natural disturbances,thereby maintaining greater diversity of habitats for a variety of organisms.Structure includes features such as live and dead trees representing multiple canopy layers,undisturbed understory vegetation and coarse woody debris.Over the past two decades,variable retention has become common on forest lands in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia(BC)and has been applied to a lesser extent in inland forest types.Our review of studies in BC and in similar forest types in our region indicates that both aggregated and dispersed retention can contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing short-term‘life-boating’habitat for some species and by enhancing the structural characteristics of future stands.For example,greater abundance of species present in the pre-harvest forest have been documented for vegetation,birds,carabid beetles,gastropods,ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil fauna in retention cutblocks compared to clearcuts.There are,however,some negative consequences for timber production such as wind damage to retained trees and reduced growth rates of tree regeneration compared to clearcuts.The authors suggest an adaptive management approach for balancing competing objectives when faced with uncertainty.This includes monitoring the implementation and effectiveness of various strategies for achieving goals.Over two decades of experience applying variable retention harvesting to industrial-scale management of forest lands in BC suggests that it is possible to balance production of wood with biodiversity conservation. | William J.Beese John Deal B.Glen Dunsworth Stephen J.Mitchell Timothy J.Philpott | 2019 | Ecological Processes2019，8，1： | 5 |
| 6 | Maintenance Peginterferon Therapy and Other Factors Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Advanced Hepatitis C显示文摘 | Anna S. Lok James E. Everhart Elizabeth C. Wright Adrian M. Di Bisceglie Hae–Young Kim Richard K. Sterling Gregory T. Everson Karen L. Lindsay William M. Lee Herbert L. Bonkovsky Jules L. Dienstag Marc G. Ghany Chihiro Morishima Timothy R. Morgan | 2011 | Gastroenterology2011，，3： | 4 |
| 7 | Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Associated Risk Factors in Hepatitis C-Related Advanced Liver Disease显示文摘 | Anna S. Lok Leonard B. Seeff Timothy R. Morgan Adrian M. di Bisceglie Richard K. Sterling Teresa M. Curto Gregory T. Everson Karen L. Lindsay William M. Lee Herbert L. Bonkovsky Jules L. Dienstag Marc G. Ghany Chihiro Morishima Zachary D. Goodman | 2009 | Gastroenterology2009，，1： | 3 |
| 8 | 肝切除术治疗结直肠癌肝转移的术前影像学检查显示文摘尽管近来在化疗药上取的了很多进步,但是对于转移性的结直肠癌治疗预后仍然很差,就过去20年而言,肝脏转移灶切除术已作为一种有希望的术式,它能改善结直肠癌肝转移患者的生存率,而且该技术在某些案例中显示出长期的治愈效果。为了扩大转移灶切除术的安全性及功效,合适的术前影像是必须的。CT,MRI,PET方面的进步已经改善了隐蔽病灶的探测而且获得更为清晰解剖形态。而CT,PET,MRI在探查大的肝转移瘤上有相似的敏感性,相对于CT及FDG-PET而言,MRI更擅于探知厘米级以下的肝转移灶,特别是与弥散加权成像(DWI)及肝细胞特异性对比剂结合时效果更显著,CT或许可用来作为一种筛选模式或术前计划制定如剩余肝体积的计算或显露肝动脉灌注分布的动脉解剖情况,而技术进步已经带来了史无前例的高画质与高清晰度的图片,但它仍然无法取代专业的,娴熟的具有丰富经验的影像学专家的角色。 | Timothy L.Franke Richard Kinh Gian Do William R.Jarnagin 陈泓西 宋涛 | 2013 | 中国普通外科杂志2013，22，7： | 3 |
| 9 | The alternative of CubeSat-based advanced infrared and microwave sounders for high impact weather forecasting显示文摘近年来,小卫星技术的发展给传统气象卫星提供了经济有效的替补方案。本文针对可能出现的传统气象卫星的缺失情形,借助快速的区域观测系统模拟试验,探索了利用小卫星填补空缺的可能性。研究表明,单个小卫星,无论是近红外高光谱还是微波探测仪,都能够对局地强风暴天气的预报有所改进。然而,为了填补传统卫星缺失带来的影响,需要发射三颗甚至更多的小卫星来增加观测的覆盖面,以弥补小卫星精度略低、通道略少的缺陷。 | LI Zhenglong LI Jun SCHMIT Timothy J. WANG Pei LIM Agnes LI Jinlong NAGLE Fredrick W. BAI Wenguang OTKIN Jason A. ATLAS Robert HOFFMAN Ross N. BOUKABARA Sid-Ahmed ZHU Tong BLACKWELL William J. PAGANO Thomas S. | 2019 | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters2019，12，2： | 3 |
| 10 | Dynamics of soil organic carbon following land-use change:insights from stable C-isotope analysis in black soil of Northeast China显示文摘Intensive soil tillage is a significant factor in soil organic matter decline in cultivated soils. Both cultivation abandonment and foregoing tillage have been encouraged in the past 30 years to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and soil erosion. However, the dynamic processes of soil organic carbon (SOC) in areas of either continuous cultivation or abandonment remain unclear and inconsistent.Our aims were to assess and model the dynamic processes of SOC under continuous tillage and after cultivation abandonment in the black soil of Northeast China. Soil profiles were collected of cultivated or abandoned land with cultivation history of 0–100 years. An isotope mass balance equation was used to calculate the proportion of SOC derived from corn debris (C_4) and from natural vegetation (C_3) to deduce the dynamic process. Approximately 40% of SOC in the natural surface soil (0–10 cm) was eroded in the first 5 years of cultivation, increasing to about 75% within 40 years, before a slow recovery. C_4 above 30 cm soil depth increased by 4.5%–5% or 0.11–0.12 g·kg^(-1) on average per year under continuous cultivation, while it decreased by approximately 0.34% annually in the surface soil after cultivation abandonment.The increase in the percentage of C_4 was fitted to a linear equation with given intercepts in the upper 30 cm of soil in cultivated land. A significant relationship between the change of C_4 and time was found only in the surface soil after abandonment of cultivation. These results demonstrate the loss and accumulation of corn-derived SOC in surface black soil of Northeast China under continuous tillage or cultivation abandonment. | Chenglong Tu Congqiang Liu Timothy A.Quine Matthew William Jones Taoze Liu Longbo Li Wenjing Liu | 2018 | Acta Geochimica2018，37，5： | 3 |
| 11 | Effect of particle degradation on electrostatic sensor measurements and flow characteristics in dilute pneumatic conveying显示文摘 | Wei Chen Jianyong Zhang Timothy Donohua Kenneth Williams Ruixue Cheng Mark Jones Bin Zhou | 2017 | Particuology2017，15，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Local Excision of T2 and T3 Rectal Cancers After Downstaging Chemoradiation显示文摘 | Christina J. Kim Timothy J. Yeatman Domenico Coppola Andy Trotti Brian Williams James S. Barthel William Dinwoodie Richard C. Karl Jorge Marcet | 2001 | Annals of Surgery2001，，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Mechanical thrombectomy with the S olitaire AB device in large intracerebral artery occlusions显示文摘 | John J McCabe Timothy J Phillips Con Phatouros Tejinder Singh David Blacker Graeme J Hankey William McAuliffe | 2012 | Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology2012，，2： | 2 |
| 14 | The Influence of Total Nodes Examined, Number of Positive Nodes, and Lymph Node Ratio on Survival After Surgical Resection and Adjuvant Chemoradiation for Pancreatic Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of RTOG 9704显示文摘 | Timothy N. Showalter Kathryn A. Winter Adam C. Berger William F. Regine Ross A. Abrams Howard Safran John P. Hoffman Al B. Benson John S. MacDonald Christopher G. Willett | 2011 | International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics2011，，5： | 2 |
| 15 | 采用间接复位、钢板固定、不植骨的方法治疗稳定的股骨干髓内假体周围骨折显示文摘背景:间接复位技术相对于较早期的开放复位技术具有能够提高骨愈合率及减少植骨的优势,我们对以间接复位治疗股骨干假体周围骨折的结果进行了研究。
方法:连续对50例稳定的股骨干髓内假体周围骨折(Vancourvr B1型)进行治疗,根据病例记录包括切开复位、间接复位、外侧单钢板固定且不行同种异体或其他植骨。4例术后早期死亡,5例随访时间短,对其余41例(平均年龄72岁)进行了平均24个月的随访,并进行临床和影像学评估。
结果:所有骨折平均12周(7~23周)愈合,对位满意。1例有1根钢丝断裂,2例有1枚螺钉断裂,骨折最终愈合且无明显的内置物松动和对位不良。1例发生围手术期深部感染。41例中30例行走功能恢复到骨折前的状态。
结论:结果证实间接复位骨膜外侧单钢板固定且不进行植骨的方法对于稳定的股骨干髓内假体周围骨折的疗效是应该肯定的。
可信水平:治疗性研究,Ⅳ级,进一步可信度参见作者介绍。 | WILLIAM M. RICCI BRETT R. BOLHOFNER TIMOTHY LOFTUS CHRISTOPHER COX SCOTT MITCHELL JOSEPH BORRELLI JR 董强(译) 马宝通(译) | 2006 | 骨科动态2006，2，1： | 2 |
| 16 | CX3CR1 regulates intestinal macrophage homeostasis, bacterial translocation, and colitogenic Th17 responses in mice显示文摘 | Medina-Contreras Oscar Geem Duke Laur Oskar Williams Ifor R Lira Sergio A Nusrat Asma Parkos Charles A Denning Timothy L | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，12： | 2 |
| 17 | Serum Metabolic Profiling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease显示文摘 | Horace Williams James Willsmore I. Cox David Walker Jeremy Cobbold Simon Taylor-Robinson Timothy Orchard | 2012 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences2012，，8： | 2 |
| 18 | Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial显示文摘 | Faramarz Ismail-Beigi Timothy Craven Mary Ann Banerji Jan Basile Jorge Calles Robert M Cohen Robert Cuddihy William C Cushman Saul Genuth Richard H Grimm Bruce P Hamilton Byron Hoogwerf Diane Karl Lois Katz Armand Krikorian Patrick O'Connor Rodica Pop-Bus | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9739： | 2 |
| 19 | Des-γ-Carboxy Prothrombin and α-Fetoprotein as Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma显示文摘 | Anna S. Lok Richard K. Sterling James E. Everhart Elizabeth C. Wright John C. Hoefs Adrian M. Di Bisceglie Timothy R. Morgan Hae–Young Kim William M. Lee Herbert L. Bonkovsky Jules L. Dienstag | 2010 | Gastroenterology2010，，2： | 2 |
| 20 | 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Influences Management Decisions in Patients with Biliary Cancer显示文摘 | Carlos U. Corvera Leslie H. Blumgart Timothy Akhurst Ronald P. DeMatteo Michael D’Angelica Yuman Fong William Robert Jarnagin | 2008 | Journal of the American College of Surgeons2008，，1： | 2 |
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