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| 1 | Mesenchymal stem cells and immune disorders: from basic science to clinical transition显示文摘As a promising candidate seed cell type in regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable attention. The unique capacity of MSCs to exert a regulatory effect on immunity in an autologous/allergenic manner makes them an attractive therapeutic cell type for immune disorders. In this review, we discussed the current knowledge of and advances in MSCs, including its basic biological properties, i.e., multilineage differentiation, secretome, and immunomodulation. Specifically, on the basis of our previous work, we proposed three new concepts of MSCs, i.e.,“subtotipotent stem cell” hypothesis, MSC system, and “Yin and Yang” balance of MSC regulation, which may bring new insights into our understanding of MSCs. Furthermore, we analyzed data from the Clinical Trials database (http://gffzzd3f38a9638994581hkvfnubq9vo99606x.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn) on registered clinical trials using MSCs to treat a variety of immune diseases, such as graft-versus-host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, we highlighted MSC clinical trials in China and discussed the challenges and future directions in the field of MSC clinical application. | Shihua Wang Rongjia Zhu Hongling Li Jing Li Qin Han Robert Chunhua Zhao | 2019 | Frontiers of Medicine2019，13，2： | 12 |
| 2 | A point mutation resulting in a 13 bp deletion in the coding sequence of Cldf leads to a GA-deficient dwarf phenotype in watermelon显示文摘The dwarf architecture is an important and valuable agronomic trait in watermelon breeding and has the potential to increase fruit yield and reduce labor cost in crop cultivation.However,the molecular basis for dwarfism in watermelon remains largely unknown.In this study,a recessive dwarf allele(designated as Cldf(Citrullus lanatus dwarfism))was fine mapped in a 32.88 kb region on chromosome 09 using F2 segregation populations derived from reciprocal crossing of a normal line M08 and a dwarf line N21.Gene annotation of the corresponding region revealed that the Cla015407 gene encoding a gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase functions as the best possible candidate gene for Cldf.Sequence analysis showed that the fourth polymorphism site(a G to A point mutation)at the 3′AG splice receptor site of the intron leads to a 13 bp deletion in the coding sequence of Cldf in dwarf line N21 and thus results in a truncated protein lacking the conserved domain for binding 2-oxoglutarate.In addition,the dwarf phenotype of Cldf could be rescued by exogenous GA3 application.Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the small multigene family GA3ox(GA3 oxidase)in cucurbit species may originate from three ancient lineages in Cucurbitaceae.All these data support the conclusion that Cldf is a GA-deficient mutant,which together with the cosegregated marker can be used for breeding new dwarf cultivars. | Chunhua Wei Chunyu Zhu Liping Yang Wei Zhao Rongxue Ma Hao Li Yong Zhang Jianxiang Ma Jianqiang Yang Xian Zhang | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 12 |
| 3 | Comparative study on skin temperature response to menstruation at acupuncture points in healthy volunteers and primary dysmenorrhea patients显示文摘OBJECTIVE:To assess skin temperature response to menstruation at acupuncture points in primary dysmenorrhea(PD) patients and healthy volunteers so as to explore acupuncture point specificity in reflecting diseases in the light of skin temperature.METHODS:Fifty-two PD patients and 49 healthy volunteers were recruited.Skin temperature measurements were performed with a skin temperature assessment device at 10 points.Absolute difference between skin temperature of the same point on the left and right side is used as main outcome measure.RESULTS:On the first day of menstruation, when menstrual pain attacking in PD patients, a significant increase in skin temperature difference was detected at Taixi(KI 3) compared with the healthy group(P < 0.01).A significant reduction in skin temperature difference was detected at Taixi(KI 3) in the first day of menstruation compared with those values in the third day after menstruation(P < 0.01)in the healthy group.On the third day after menstruation, a significant reduction in skin temperature difference was found at Zhongdu(LR 6) in PD group compared with the healthy group(P < 0.05).No significant differences of skin temperature were detected at other points(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:The skin temperature difference at menstruation-relevant points in PD patients did not all change significantly more than those in women without PD.Significant difference was only found in Taixi(KI 3), the Yuan-source point of Kidney meridian. | She Yanfen Ma Liangxiao Zhu Jiang Qi Conghui Wang Yanxia Tang Ling Li Chunhua Yuan Hongwen Liu Yuqi Song Jiashan | 2017 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2017，37，2： | 8 |
| 4 | Effect of MoO_3 on vanadium based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH_3 at low temperature显示文摘The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) activities of the MoO_3 doped V/WTi catalysts prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method at low temperature were investigated.The results showed that the addition of MoO_3 could enhance the NO_ xconversion at low temperature and the best SCR activity was obtained when the dosage of MoO_3 reached5 wt.%. The NH3-TPD and DRIFTS experiments indicated that the addition of MoO_3 changed the type and number of acid sites on the surface of catalysts and reaction activities of acid sites were altered at the same time. The redox capacity and amount of active oxygen species got improved for V3Mo5/WTi catalyst, which could be confirmed by the H_2-TPR and transient response experiments. Water vapor inhibited the NO_xconversion at low temperature. Deposition of ammonium sulfate or bisulfate might be main reason for the loss of catalytic activity in the presence of SO_2 at low temperature. Choosing the suitable NH_3/NO ratio and elevation of reaction temperature both could weaken the influence of SO_2 on the SCR activity of the V3Mo5/WTi catalyst. Thermal treatment of the deactivated catalyst at350°C could get the low temperature activity recovered. The decrease of GHSV improved the de NO_x efficiency at low temperature and we speculated that the rational technological process and operation parameters could contribute to the application of this kind of catalysts in real industrial environment. | Lin Zhu Zhaoping Zhong Han Yang Chunhua Wang | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，6： | 8 |
| 5 | NH3-SCR performance and the resistance to SO2 for Nb doped vanadium based catalyst at low temperatures显示文摘Niobium oxide as the promoter was doped in the V/WTi catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO.The results showed that the addition of Nb_2O_5could improve the SCR activity at low temperatures and the 6 wt.%additive was an appropriate dosage.The enhanced reaction activity of adsorbed ammonia species and the improved dispersion of vanadium oxide might be the reasons for the elevation of SCR activity at low temperatures.The resistances to SO_2of 3V6Nb/WTi catalyst at different temperatures were investigated.FTIR spectrum and TG-FTIR result indicated that the deposition of ammonium sulfate species was the main deactivation reason at low temperatures,which still exhibited the reactivity with NO above 200°C on the catalyst surface.There was a synergistic effect among NH_3,H_2O and SO_2that NH_3and H_2O both accelerated the catalyst deactivation in the presence of SO_2at 175°C.The thermal treatment at 400°C could regenerate the deactivated catalyst and get SCR activity recovered.The particle and monolith catalysts both kept stable NO_xconversion at 225°C with high concentration of H_2O and SO_2during the long time tests. | Lin Zhu Zhaoping Zhong Jianming Xue Yueyang Xu Chunhua Wang Lixia Wang | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，3： | 8 |
| 6 | Adsorption behavior of Pd(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by D201 resin显示文摘The adsorption and desorption behaviors of Pd(Ⅱ) on D201 resin were investigated. The effects of parameters including HCl concentrations, initial metal ion concentrations, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of Pd(Ⅱ) were studied by batch method. The HCl concentration for studying the effects was set from 0.01 to 2 mol·L-1 and the optimal adsorption condition is in 0.01 mol·L-1 HCl solution. The adsorption isotherm of Pd(Ⅱ) on D201 resin was determined and the equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model. The maximum uptake capacity of Pd(Ⅱ) was 253 mg·g-1 at 298 K. The adsorption could be best described by the liquid film diffusion model. The enthalpy variation (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) of adsorption were equal to 2.49 kJ·mol-1 and 74.8 J·(mol·K)-1 respectively, indicating that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. Furthermore, the negative value of ΔG showed that movement of adsorbate from the solution to adsorbent surface was a spontaneous process. Pd(Ⅱ) could be eluted with 0.5 mol·L-1 HNO 3 solution. Thomas model was applied to experimental column data to determine the characteristic parameters of the column useful for process design. | XIONG Chunhua ZHU Shan YAO Caiping CHEN Qing | 2011 | Rare Metals2011，30，5： | 6 |
| 7 | Isolation of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its Receptor Genes from Scatophagus argus and Their Expression Analyses显示文摘The teleost Scatophagus argus is a species whose females grows faster than males.Growth hormone(gh)mRNA abundance in females pituitary is higher than that in males;however the mechanism underlining such differential is still unknown.Growth hormone(GH)is tightly associated with GH-releasing hormone(Ghrh)in vertebrates.In this study,Ghrh gene(ghrh)and its receptor gene,ghrhr,were isolated from S.argus.Tissue expression analysis showed that ghrh and ghrhr were mainly expressed in hypothalamus while ghrhr was expressed in pituitary and gh was predominantly expressed in pituitary.Twenty cultured S.argus individuals were used to compare ghrh,ghrhr and gh mRNA abundances,120 g and 181 g average weight for male(n=11)and female(n=9),respectively.Real-time PCR indicated that the ghrh and ghrhr mRNA abundances in male hypothalamus were significantly higher than those in female hypothalamus while that of gh mRNA abundance was significantly higher in female pituitary than in male pituitary.The ghrh and ghrhr mRNA abundances were significantly up-regulated in female hypothalamus 3 h after injection of 0.1 mg kg^-1 body weight Ghrh while pituitary ghrhr and gh mRNA abundances were not affected.In female hypothalamus,ghrh and ghrhr m RNA abundances were not affected at 6 h post-injection of 4 mg kg^-1 body weight 17α-methyltes-tosterone(17α-MT)or 17β-Estradiol(E2).In female pituitary,ghrhr m RNA abundance was down-regulated by 17α-MT while that of gh m RNA abundance was up-regulated by E2.Our findings indicated that E2,rather than Ghrh,plays an important role in up-regulating the expression of gh in female S.argus,which should aid to understand the sexual dimorphism of teleost growth. | JIANG Dongneng SHI Hongjuan LIU Qianqing WANG Tuo HUANG Yuanqing HUANG Yang DENG Siping CHEN Huapu TIAN Changxu ZHU Chunhua LI Guangli | 2019 | Journal of Ocean University of China2019，18，6： | 6 |
| 8 | Mesenchymal stem cell treatment improves outcome of COVID-19 patients via multiple immunomodulatory mechanisms显示文摘The infusion of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients with mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)potentially improves clinical symptoms,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.We conducted a randomized,single-blind,placebo-controlled(29 patients/group)phase II clinical trial to validate previous findings and explore the potential mechanisms.Patients treated with umbilical cord-derived MSCs exhibited a shorter hospital stay(P=0.0198)and less time required for symptoms remission(P=0.0194)than those who received placebo.Based on chest images,both severe and critical patients treated with MSCs showed improvement by day 7(P=0.0099)and day 21(P=0.0084).MSC-treated patients had fewer adverse events.MSC infusion reduced the levels of C-reactive protein,proinflammatory cytokines,and neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)and promoted the maintenance of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies.To explore how MSCs modulate the immune system,we employed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on peripheral blood.Our analysis identified a novel subpopulation of VNN2+hematopoietic stem/progenitorlike(HSPC-like)cells expressing CSF3R and PTPRE that were mobilized following MSC infusion.Genes encoding chemotaxis factors—CX3CR1 and L-selectin—were upregulated in various immune cells.MSC treatment also regulated B cell subsets and increased the expression of costimulatory CD28 in T cells in vivo and in vitro.In addition,an in vivo mouse study confirmed that MSCs suppressed NET release and reduced venous thrombosis by upregulating kindlin-3 signaling.Together,our results underscore the role of MSCs in improving COVID-19 patient outcomes via maintenance of immune homeostasis. | Rongjia Zhu Tingdong Yan Yingmei Feng Yan Liu Hongcui Cao Gongxin Peng Yanlei Yang Zhen Xu Jingqi Liu Wei Hou Xiaoyue Wang Zhe Li Luchan Deng Shihua Wang Jing Li Qin Han Hongling Li Guangliang Shan Yinghao Cao Xingyan An Jianshe Yan Zhonghui Zhang Huafei Li Xuebin Qu Jiaqi Zhu Shumin Zhou Jiao Wang Fengchun Zhang Jinming Gao Ronghua Jin Dayong Xu Yan-Qing Ma Tao Huang Shuang Peng Zhi Zheng Ilia Stambler Eric Gilson Lee Wei Lim Alexey Moskalev Antonio Cano Sasanka Chakrabarti Brun Ulfhake Huanxing Su Haoying Xu Sihuan Xu Feng Wei Holly MBrown-Borg Kyung-Jin Min Georgina Ellison-Hughes Calogero Caruso Kunlin Jin Robert Chunhua Zhao | 2021 | Cell Research2021，31，12： | 5 |
| 9 | Selective hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran over Co_3O_4 catalyst by controlled reduction显示文摘2,5-dimethyfuran(DMF), which is produced from 5-hydroxymethyfurfural(HMF) by hydrodeoxygenation(HDO), is a high quality fuel due to the high heating value, the high octane number and the suitable boiling point. Selective hydrogenation of HMF into liquid fuel DMF has been widely researched. In this paper, Co_3O_4 catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation and was reduced at different temperatures to form Co–CoO_x catalysts. The characterization of catalysts was tested by XRD, TEM, XPS, TPR, BET and NH3-TPD.Co–CoO_x possessed a high amount of Co metal and CoO_x acidic sites, wherein Co worked as the active hydrogenation sites and CoO_x acted as the acid promoter to facilitate the selective HDO of HMF to DMF.The synergistic effect of Co–CoO_x is the key for HDO of HMF, obtaining 83.3% of DMF yield at 170 °C, 12 h and the reduction temperature of 400 °C. This method not only saves the catalyst cost, but also promotes the utilization of biomass energy. | Dan Li Qiying Liu Changhui Zhu Haiyong Wang Chunhua Cui Chenguang Wang Longlong Ma | 2019 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2019，28，3： | 4 |
| 10 | Power Allocation for NOMA in D2D Relay Communications显示文摘Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is considered as one of the key technologies for the fifth generation(5G)wireless communications.The integration of NOMA and device-to-device(D2D)communications has recently attracted wide attention.In this paper,a relaying D2D communications assisted with cooperative relaying systems using NOMA(DRC-NOMA)is considered.We analyze the ergodic sum-rate for the proposed system and then derive the closed-form expressions.In addition,an optimal power allocation strategy maximizing the ergodic sum-rate is proposed based on these analysis results.Numerical results show the good agreement between the results of analysis and Monte Carlo method.The proposed DRC-NOMA has a great improvement of the ergodic sum-rate in the small regime of average channel gain of D2D pair. | Yan Cai Chunhua Ke Yiyang Ni Jun Zhang Hongbo Zhu | 2021 | China Communications2021，18，1： | 4 |
| 11 | ASYMPTOTIC NORMALITY OF MAXIMUM QUASI-LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATORS IN GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS WITH FIXED DESIGN显示文摘在有固定设计的概括线性模型,在假设和另外的整齐条件下面,最大的伪可能性评估者的 asymptotic 规度,是有自然连接功能的伪可能性方程的根,被获得,在的地方表示最小的特征值, X i 是围住的p ×& #8201 ; q 退回 ors ,和 y i 是q ×& #8201 ; 1 回答。 | Qibing GAO Yaohua WU Chunhua ZHU Zhanfeng WANG | 2008 | Journal of Systems Science & Complexity2008，21，3： | 3 |
| 12 | Aurora-A is a novel predictor of poor prognosis in patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma显示文摘Background: The Aurora-A(Aur-A) gene, a key regulator of mitosis, has been proved as an oncogene in a variety of cancers. The Aur-A overexpression has been proved correlated with aggressiveness of cancer cells. However, the frequency of Aur-A protein overexpression, as well as its association with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis remain unclear in lung adenocarcinoma(ADC). This study tried to clarify the clinical significance of Aur-A in patients with resected lung ADC. Patients and methods: A total of 142 informative patients with surgically resected lung ADC and 20 normal lung tissues were enrolled. Western blot and immunohistochemistry(IHC) were utilized to assess protein expression of Aur-A.Result: The expression of Aur-A was elevated in most of tumor tissues compared with the adjacent tissues by western blot. The IHC results showed that Aur-A protein was over-expressed in 98 of 142(69.0%) tumor sections, while Aur-A was low-expressed in all normal lung sections. A positive correlation between Aur-A overexpression rate and ascending pathologic stages was observed(P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with Aur-A high expression had significantly inferior survival compared to those with Aur-A low expression. Both overall survival(OS) and disease-free survival(DFS) of positive overexpression patients were shorter than the negative group(P=0.036, P=0.041, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed that Aur-A expression, as an independent and significant factor for both DFS and OS, could predict a poor prognosis in patients with resected lung ADC(P=0.022, P=0.049, respectively).Conclusions: Aur-A was overexpressed in lung ADC and overexpression of Aur-A might be a novel predictor for poor prognosis and potential therapeutic target in lung ADC. | Bo Zeng Yiyan Lei Haoshuai Zhu Shenyuan Luo Mei Zhuang Chunhua Su Jianyong Zou Lei Yang Honghe Luo | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2014，26，2： | 3 |
| 13 | Modeling, Optimization, and Control of Solution Purification Process in Zinc Hydrometallurgy显示文摘The solution purification process is an essential step in zinc hydrometallurgy. The performance of solution purification directly affects the normal functioning and economical benefits of zinc hydrometallurgy. This paper summarizes the authors' recent work on the modeling, optimization, and control of solution purification process. The online measurable property of the oxidation reduction potential(ORP) and the multiple reactors, multiple running statuses characteristic of the solution purification process are extensively utilized in this research. The absence of reliable online equipment for detecting the impurity ion concentration is circumvented by introducing the oxidationreduction potential into the kinetic model. A steady-state multiple reactors gradient optimization, unsteady-state operationalpattern adjustment strategy, and a process evaluation strategy based on the oxidation-reduction potential are proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed research is demonstrated by its industrial experiment. | Bei Sun Chunhua Yang Hongqiu Zhu Yonggang Li Weihua Gui | 2018 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2018，5，2： | 3 |
| 14 | Flesh Color Diversity of Sweet Potato: An Overview of the Composition, Functions, Biosynthesis, and Gene Regulation of the Major Pigments显示文摘Sweet potato is a multifunctional root crop and a source of food with many essential nutrients and bioactive compounds.Variations in the flesh color of the diverse sweet potato varieties are attributed to the different phytochemicals and natural pigments they produce.Among them,carotenoids and anthocyanins are the main pigments known for their antioxidant properties which provide a host of health benefits,hence,regarded as a major component of the human diet.In this review,we provide an overview of the major pigments in sweet potato with much emphasis on their biosynthesis,functions,and regulatory control.More-over,current findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids and anthocyanins in sweet potato are discussed.Insights into the composition,biosynthesis,and regulatory control of these major pigments will further advance the biofortification of sweet potato and provide a reference for breeding carotenoid-and anthocyanin-rich varieties. | Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede Chuntao Su Akwasi Yeboah Chunhua Chen Shaoxia Yang Hongbo Zhu Miao Chen | 2020 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2020，89，4： | 2 |
| 15 | Neuroprotective effect of early and short-time applying sophoridine in pMCAO rat brain: Down-regulated TRAF6 and up-regulated p-ERK1/2 expression, ameliorated brain infaction and edema显示文摘 | Zongjie Liu Dan He Xiangjian Zhang Yanhua Li Chunhua Zhu Lipeng Dong Xiaolin Zhang Yinxue Xing Chaohui Wang Huimin Qiao Linyu Chen | 2012 | Brain Research Bulletin2012，，4： | 2 |
| 16 | Interleukin-13 inhibits cytokines synthesis by blocking nuclear factor-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in human mesangial cells显示文摘Objective:Monocytes/macrophages,proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are important in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis.Interleukin(IL)-13 has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to investigate the effect of IL-13 on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines,chemokines and profibrogenic cytokines and the involved molecular mechanism in cultured human mesangial cells (HMCs).Methods:The expressions of proinflammatory cytokines,chemokines and profibrogenic cytokines were determined by ribonuclease protection assay(RPA).Activity of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)and activa- tor protein-1(AP-1)was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA).NF-κB subunit p65 nuclear transportation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)activity were assayed by immunoblot.Results:Recombinant IL-13 inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-1α,IL-1β,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), IL-8,and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)mRNA expressions in a dose-dependent manner.Lipopoly-sacchorides(LPS)dramatically increased NF-κB DNA binding activity of HMCs,which was inhibited by IL-13 in a dose-dependent manner.LPS-activated NF-κB contained p50 and p65 dimers,but not c-Rel subunit.IL-13 blocked LPS-induced NF-κB subunit p65.LPS stimulated JNK/AP-1 activation,which was inhibited by IL-13 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:IL-13 inhibits proinflammatory cytokines,chemokines,and profibrogenic cytokines synthesis by blocking NF-κB and JNK/AP-1 activation.These observations point to the importance of IL-13 in the modulation of inflammatory processes in the renal glomerulus. | Chunhua Zhu Aihua Zhang Songming Huang GuixiaDing Xiaoqin Pan Ronghua Chen | 2010 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2010，24，4： | 2 |
| 17 | Vitamin D Receptor(VDR) Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Intervertebral Disc Degeneration显示文摘Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is characterized by disc dehydration and herniation,which is often associated with low back pain and lumbar radiculopathy due to nerve root compression or inflammation.The pathophysiology of IDD is not completely elucidated so far.Some researchers have indicated that disc degeneration begins as early as the second decade of life(Mayer et al.,2013).Common risk factors | Yongchao Li Jiajun Zhu Chunhua Gao Baogan Peng | 2015 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2015，42，4： | 2 |
| 18 | State feedback control for Lurie networked control sys- tems 显示文摘 | CHEN Gang ZHU Hongqiu YANG Chunhua | 2012 | Journal of Central South University2012，，19： | 1 |
| 19 | Synthesis and characterization of PEG modified N -trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chitosan nanoparticles显示文摘 | Siyu Zhu Feng Qian Yu Zhang Cui Tang Chunhua Yin | 2007 | European Polymer Journal2007，，6： | 1 |
| 20 | A review of the methods used for subjective evaluation of De Qi显示文摘De Qi refers to a series of sensations experienced when acupuncture is performed at acupoints. De Qi comprises needling sensations felt by the patient, and the sensations perceived by the acupuncturist. Classical Traditional Chinese Medicine theory states that De Qi is closely related to curative effect.In modern studies, the main index that researchers have used to evaluate De Qi was the needling sensation reported by the patient. Between 1 st Aug and 31 st Oct 2014, we conducted an electronic database search of all fields in Chinese and English to select literature assessing acupuncture needle sensations. We then reviewed the methods used within these studies to evaluate De Qi. The methods included simple evaluation, and the use of a De Qi scale/questionnaire. The simple evaluation, a qualitative evaluation, was judged by typical sensations felt by the patient after needling at acupoints, such as soreness, numbness, fullness, and heaviness.This method was easy and practicable, and had been adopted widely by Chinese researchers. In contrast, the De Qi scale/questionnaire, a quantitative evaluation, had multiple compiling methods available for evaluating the intensity of De Qi. The standardization and objectification of the De Qi scale/questionnaire effectively improved the quality of studies on De Qi, thereby these scales/questionnaires have been acknowledged and applied by most researchers. The present review analyzed and compared the scales/questionnaires used to evaluate De Qi; furthermore, we provided suggestions for the development and improvement of these questionnaires through integration with classical De Qi theory. | Yuan Hongwen Wang Pei Hu Nijuan Zhang Peng Li Chunhua Liu Yuqi Ma Liangxiao Zhu Jiang | 2018 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2018，38，2： | 1 |
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