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| 1 | The Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr10 Encodes an Evolutionary-Conserved and Unique CC-NBS-LRR Sequence in Wheat显示文摘对用一条基于地图的克隆途径从摩洛人小麦(Triticum aestivum L.) 孤立的条纹锈的第一棵幼苗或所有阶段抵抗(R) R 基因作为 Yr10 被识别。这基因的克隆 4B 编码一高度,进化保存和唯一的 CCNBSLRR 定序。克隆 4E, Yr10 的一个相当或相同的事物,而是缺乏的抄写开始地点(TSS ) 和通常认为的 TATA 盒子和 CAAT 盒子,是可能的非表示的 pseudogene。克隆 4B 和 4E 是 84% 在 intron 和 LRR 领域相同、分叉。基因 silencing 和 transgenesis 与无毒害、剧毒的条纹锈尽力表明 Yr10 功能的差别与接种一起被使用。Yr10 CCNBSLRR 顺序在在小麦的已知的 CCNBSLRR R 基因之中是唯一的,但是高度保存相当或相同的事物(E = 0.0 ) 包括 Hordeum vulgare 和 Brachypodium distachyon 在 Aegilops tauschii 和另外的 monocots 被识别。相关序列也在玉米的 genomic 数据库被识别,米饭,并且在里面蜀黍。这是在有在它的本国的主人的有限相同,但是与在为条纹锈是主人或非主人的相关 monocots 的众多的相应 R 基因的植物的 CCNBSLRR 抵抗基因的第一份报告。这些结果越过种类代表基因进化和分散的一个唯一的例子。 | Wei Liu Michele Frick Rene Huel Cory L. Nykiforuk Xiaomin Wang Denis A. Gaudet Francois Eudes Robert L. Conner Alan Kuzyk Zhensheng Kang Andre Laroche | 2014 | Molecular Plant2014，7，12： | 21 |
| 2 | Validation of the Rockall scoring system for outcomes from non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a Canadian setting显示文摘AIM: To validate the Rockall scoring system for predicting outcomes of rebleeding, and the need for a surgical procedure and death. METHODS: We used data extracted from the Registry of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Endoscopy including information of 1869 patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding treated in Canadian hospitals. Risk scores were calculated and used to classify patients based on outcomes. For each outcome, we used χ2 goodness-of-fit tests to assess the degree of calibration, and built receiver operating characteristic curves and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the discriminative ability of the scoring system. RESULTS: For rebleeding, the χ2 goodness-of-fit test indicated an acceptable fit for the model [χ2 (8) = 12.83, P = 0.12]. For surgical procedures [χ2 (8) = 5.3, P = 0.73] and death [χ2 (8) = 3.78, P = 0.88], the tests showed solid correspondence between observed proportions and predicted probabilities. The AUC was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.55-0.62) for the outcome of rebleeding and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.54-0.67) for surgical procedures, representing apoor discriminative ability of the scoring system. For the outcome of death, the AUC was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69-0.78), indicating an acceptable discriminative ability. CONCLUSION: The Rockall scoring system provides an acceptable tool to predict death, but performs poorly for endpoints of rebleeding and surgical procedures. | Robert A Enns Yves M Gagnon Alan N Barkun David Armstrong Jamie C Gregor Richard N Fedorak RUGBE Investigators Group | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，48： | 14 |
| 3 | Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade: obligatory contribution of IL-2 receptors and negative prognostic impact of soluble CD25显示文摘堵住抗体 ipilimumab 的细胞毒素的 T 淋巴细胞 antigen-4 (CTLA-4 ) 在很少的病人导致变形黑瘤的调停免疫者的长期的控制。尽管 ipilimumab 无疑经由 immunostimulation 施加它的治疗学的效果,这样远的临床上有用的、 immunologically 相关的 biomarkers 预言治疗效率是逃犯的。这里,我们显示出 IL-2 的那中立化或堵住 α并且 βIL-2 受体的子单元(CD25 和 CD122,分别地) 否则在现出症状之前的潜的老鼠模型由 CTLA-4 封锁导致了,废除了 antitumor 效果和 intratumoral T 受动器对规章的房间(Tregs ) 的比率的伴随的改进,它是。CTLA-4 封锁导致了在失去了 FoxP3 表示并且在 regressing 肿瘤积累了的 IL-2-producing 受动器房间与伴随物上升表示 Lag3, ICOS, IL-10 和 Egr2 的一个镇压 CD4 + T 房间子集的减小。当 recombinant IL-2 改进了 CTLA-4 封锁的治疗学的功效时,圈套 IL-2 受体 α(IL-2Rα, sCD25 ) 禁止了 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 效果封锁。在收到 ipilimumab 的 262 个变形黑瘤病人, sCD25 的基线浆液集中代表了全面幸存的独立指示物,与预言到治疗的抵抗的高水平。总的来说,这些结果解开为在 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 活动的 IL-2 和 IL-2 受体的一个角色封锁。重要地,我们的学习提供第一 immunologically 相关的 biomarker,也就是提高的浆液 sCD25,那与黑瘤在病人预言抵抗到 CTLA-4 封锁。 | Dalil Hannani Marie Vetizou David Enot Sylvie Rusakiewicz Nathalie Chaput David Klatzmann Melanie Desbois Nicolas Jacquelot Nadege Vimond Salem Chouaib Christine Mateus James P Allison Antoni Ribas Jedd D Wolchok Jianda Yuan Philip Wong Michael Postow Andrzej Mackiewicz Jacek Mackiewicz Dirk Schadendorff Dirk Jaeger Alan J Korman Keith Bahjat Michele Maio Luana Calabro Michele WL Teng Mark J Smyth Alexander Eggennont Caroline Robert Guido Kroemer Laurence Zitvogel | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，2： | 14 |
| 4 | Screening and Surveillance for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Adenomatous Polyps, 2008: A Joint Guideline From the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology显示文摘 | Bernard Levin David A. Lieberman Beth McFarland Kimberly S. Andrews Durado Brooks John Bond Chiranjeev Dash Francis M. Giardiello Seth Glick David Johnson C. Daniel Johnson Theodore R. Levin Perry J. Pickhardt Douglas K. Rex Robert A. Smith Alan Thorson S | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，5： | 8 |
| 5 | Risk Factors for Opportunistic Infections in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease显示文摘 | Murat Toruner Edward V. Loftus W. Scott Harmsen Alan R. Zinsmeister Robert Orenstein William J. Sandborn Jean–Frederic Colombel Laurence J. Egan | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，4： | 6 |
| 6 | Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival显示文摘 | Francis Y. Yao Linda Ferrell Nathan M. Bass Jessica J. Watson Peter Bacchetti Alan Venook Nancy L. Ascher John P. Roberts | 2001 | Hepatology2001，，6： | 5 |
| 7 | 利拉鲁肽与格列美脲在单药治疗2型糖尿病中的比较(LEAD-3 Mono):一项随机、双盲、平行分组、52周的Ⅲ期临床试验显示文摘背景 2型糖尿病新的治疗策略,需要针对胰岛素-葡萄糖的相互作用,且同时要降低体重增加和发生低血糖的风险。本文作者旨在调查利拉鲁肽单药治疗2型糖尿病的安全性与有效性。
方法 采用双盲、双模拟、治疗一对照、平行分组的研究,746例早期2型糖尿病患者被随机分配到1次/d利拉鲁肽组[1.2mg(n=251)或1.8mg(n=247)]或格列美脲8mg组(n=248),分别治疗52周。主要结局指标为糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的改变程度。采用意向性治疗进行分析。该试验在ClinicalTrials.gov网站的注册编码为NTC00294723.
结果52周时,格列美脲组HbA,。下降了0.51%(s=1.20),而利拉鲁肽1.2mg组下降了0.84%(s=1.23)(差值为-0.33.95%CI-0.53~-0.13;P=0.0014),利拉鲁肽1.8mg组下降了1.14%(S=1.24)(差值为-062,95%CI-0.83—-0.42;P〈0.0001)。利拉鲁肽1.2mg组和1.8mg组各有5例和1例患者因呕吐停止治疗,而格列美脲组未出现这种情况。
结论 利拉鲁肽作为2型糖尿病的初始治疗药物安全有效,与格列美脲相比更能降低HbA1c以及体重、血压和低血糖的发生率。 | Alan Garber Robert Henry Robert Rather Pedro A Garcia-Hernandez Hiromi Rodriguez-Pattzi Israel Olvero-Alvarez Paula M Hale, Milan Zdravkovic Bruce Bode 邓斌(译) | 2009 | 世界临床医学2009，，6： | 5 |
| 8 | Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics— 2010 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Donald Lloyd-Jones Robert J. Adams Todd M. Brown Mercedes Carnethon Shifan Dai Giovanni De Simone T. Bruce Ferguson Earl Ford Karen Furie Cathleen Gillespie Alan Go Kurt Greenlund Nancy Haase Susan Hailpern P. Michael Ho Virginia Howard Brett Kissela Stev | 2010 | Circulation2010，，7： | 5 |
| 9 | Temporal clinical, proteomic, histological and cellular immune responses of dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis显示文摘AIM To investigate the temporal clinical, proteomic, histological and cellular immune profiles of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced acute colitis.METHODS Acute colitis was induced in C57 BL/6 female mice by administration of 1%, 2% or 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 d. Animals were monitored daily for weight loss, stool consistency and blood in the stool, while spleens and colons were harvested on day 8. A time course analysis was performed in mice ingesting 3% DSS, which included colon proteomics through multiplex assay, colon histological scoring by a blinded investigator, and immune response through flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry of the spleen, mesenteric lymph node and colon.RESULTS Progressive worsening of clinical colitis was observed with increasing DSS from 1% to 3%. In mice ingesting 3% DSS, colon shortening and increase in proinflammatory factors starting at day 3 was observed, with increased spleen weights at day 6 and day 8. This coincided with cellular infiltration in the colon from day 2 to day 8, with progressive accumulation of macrophages F4/80^+, T helper CD4^+(Th), T cytotoxic CD8^+(Tcyt) and T regulatory CD25^+(Treg) cells, and progressive changes in colonic pathology including destruction of crypts, loss of goblet cells and depletion of the epithelial barrier. Starting on day 4, mesenteric lymph node and/or spleen presented with lower levels of Treg, Th and Tcyt cells, suggesting an immune cell tropism to the gut. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the severity of experimental colitis is dependent on DSS concentration, correlated with clinical, proteomic, histological and cellular immune response on 3% DSS. | Natalia Schneider Nunes Saejeong Kim Maggie Sundby Parwathy Chandran Scott Robert Burks Ana Helena Paz Joseph Alan Frank | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，38： | 5 |
| 10 | Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: Need for Standardization and Methods for Optimal Clinical Trial Design显示文摘 | Matthew H. G. Katz Robert Marsh Joseph M. Herman Qian Shi Eric Collison Alan P. Venook Hedy L. Kindler Steven R. Alberts Philip Philip Andrew M. Lowy Peter W. T. Pisters Mitchell C. Posner Jordan D. Berlin Syed A. Ahmad | 2013 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2013，，8： | 4 |
| 11 | Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2011 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Véronique L. Roger Alan S. Go Donald M. Lloyd-Jones Robert J. Adams Jarett D. Berry Todd M. Brown Mercedes R. Carnethon Shifan Dai Giovanni de Simone Earl S. Ford Caroline S. Fox Heather J. Fullerton Cathleen Gillespie Kurt J. Greenlund Susan M. Hailpern | 2011 | Circulation2011，，4： | 4 |
| 12 | Evaluation of endocrine disruption and dioxin-like effects of organic extracts from sewage sludge in autumn in Beijing, China显示文摘污水污泥的有效处理和利用上的学习最近是在中国种兴趣的目标。然而,潜在的风险与有毒的 organics,重金属和病原的微生物由于它的污染与污泥的使用被联系。在这研究,一个屏蔽评价在在北京从 17 不同污水处理植物收集的污水污泥样品上被进行,基于批在 vitro 生物鉴定,包括一套 recombinant 基因酵母为内分泌的混乱的试金,并且用为芳基烃受体( Ah-R )的 H4IIE 房间的 ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (侵蚀)试金论战的活动。我们的结果建议了那雌激素受体的中等层次论战的活动(0.9 ng E2 愠映杯吗? | Cao LIU Yiping XU Mei MA Bingbin HUANG Jingdong WU Qingyi MENG Zijian WANG Robert Alan GEARHEART | 2014 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2014，8，3： | 4 |
| 13 | Transjugular intrahepatic porto 全身的分流在老: 为门高血压的复杂并发症的减轻显示文摘 AIM:To present a dedicated series of transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunts(TIPS) in the elderly since data is sparse on this population group.METHODS:A retrospective review was performed of patients at least 65 years of age who underwent TIPS at our institutions between 1997 and 2010.Twentyfive patients were referred for TIPS.We deemed that 2 patients were not considered appropriate candidates due to their markedly advanced liver disease.Of the 23 patients suitable for TIPS,the indications for TIPS placement was portal hypertension complicated by refractory ascites alone(n = 9),hepatic hydrothorax alone(n = 2),refractory ascites and hydrothorax(n = 1),gastrointestinal bleeding alone(n = 8),gastrointestinal bleeding and ascites(n = 3).RESULTS:Of these 23 attempted TIPS procedure patients,21 patients had technically successful TIPS procedures.A total of 29 out of 32 TIPS procedures including revisions were successful in 21 patients with a mean age of 72.1 years(range 65-82 years).Three of the procedures were unsuccessful attempts at TIPS and 8 procedures were successful revisions of our existing TIPS.Sixteen of 21 patients who underwent successful TIPS(excluding 5 patients lost to follow-up) were followed for a mean of 14.7 mo.Ascites and/or hydrothorax was controlled following technically successful procedures in 12 of 13 patients.Bleeding was controlled following technically successful procedures in 10 out of 11 patients.CONCLUSION:We have demonstrated that TIPS is an effective procedure to control refractory complications of portal hypertension in elderly patients. | Mubin I Syed Hetal Karsan Hector Ferral Azim Shaikh Uzma Waheed Talal Akhter Alan Gabbard Kamal Morar Robert Tyrrell | 2012 | World Journal of Hepatology2012，4，2： | 4 |
| 14 | Cholesterol Efflux and Atheroprotection: Advancing the Concept of Reverse Cholesterol Transport显示文摘 | Robert S. Rosenson H. Bryan Brewer W. Sean Davidson Zahi A. Fayad Valentin Fuster James Goldstein Marc Hellerstein Xian-Cheng Jiang Michael C. Phillips Daniel J. Rader Alan T. Remaley George H. Rothblat Alan R. Tall Laurent Yvan-Charvet | 2012 | Circulation2012，，15： | 4 |
| 15 | Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2009 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee显示文摘 | Donald Lloyd-Jones Robert Adams Mercedes Carnethon Giovanni De Simone T Bruce Ferguson Katherine Flegal Earl Ford Karen Furie Alan Go Kurt Greenlund Nancy Haase Susan Hailpern Michael Ho Virginia Howard Brett Kissela Steven Kittner Daniel Lackland Lynda L | 2009 | Circulation2009，，3： | 4 |
| 16 | Single vs dual(en bloc) kidney transplants from donors ≤ 5 years of age: A single center experience显示文摘AIM: To compare outcomes between single and dual en bloc(EB) kidney transplants(KT) from small pediatric donors. METHODS: Monocentric nonprospective review of KTs from pediatric donors ≤ 5 years of age. Dual EB KT was defined as keeping both donor kidneys attached tothe inferior vena cava and aorta, which were then used as venous and arterial conduits for the subsequent transplant into a single recipient. Donor age was less useful than either donor weight or kidney size in decision-making for kidney utilization as kidneys from donors < 8 kg or kidneys < 6 cm in length were not transplanted. Post-transplant management strategies were standardized in all patients.RESULTS: From 2002-2015, 59 KTs were performed including 34 dual EB and 25 single KTs. Mean age of donors(17 mo vs 38 mo, P < 0.001), mean weight(11.0 kg vs 17.4 kg, P = 0.046) and male donors(50% vs 84%, P = 0.01) were lower in the dual EB compared to the single KT group, respectively. Mean cold ischemia time(21 h), kidney donor profile index(KDPI; 73% vs 62%) and levels of serum creatinine(SCr, 0.37 mg/d L vs 0.49 mg/d L, all P = NS) were comparable in the dual EB and single KT groups, respectively. Actuarial graft and patient survival rates at 5-years follow-up were comparable. There was one case of thrombosis resulting in graft loss in each group. Delayed graft function incidence(12% dual EB vs 20% single KT, P = NS) was slightly lower in dual EB KT recipients. Initial duration of hospital stay(mean 5.4 d vs 5.6 d) and the one-year incidences of acute rejection(6% vs 16%), operative complications(3% vs 4%), and major infection were comparable in the dual EB and single KT groups, respectively(all P = NS). Mean 12 mo SCr and abbreviated MDRD levels were 1.17 mg/d L vs 1.35 mg/d L and 72.5 m L/min per 1.73 m^2 vs 60.5 m L/min per 1.73 m^2(both P = NS) in the dual EB and single KT groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: By transplanting kidneys from young pediatric donors into adult recipients, one can effectively expand the limited donor pool and achieve excellent medium-term outcomes. | Yousef Al-Shraideh Umar Farooq Hany El-Hennawy Alan C Farney Amudha Palanisamy Jeffrey Rogers Giuseppe Orlando Muhammad Khan Amber Reeves-Daniel William Doares Scott Kaczmorski Michael D Gautreaux Samy S Iskandar Gloria Hairston Elizabeth Brim Margaret Mangus Robert J Stratta | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Single-End Adaptive Optics Compensation for Emulated Turbulence in a Bi-Directional 10-Mbit/s per Channel Free-Space Quantum Communication Link Using Orbital-Angular-Momentum Encoding显示文摘A single-end adaptive-optics(AO)module is experimentally demonstrated to mitigate the emulated atmospheric turbulence efects in a bi-directional quantum communication link,which employs orbital angular momentum(OAM)for data encoding.A classical Gaussian beam is used as a probe to detect the turbulence-induced wavefront distortion in the forward direction of the link.Based on the detected wavefront distortion,an AO system located on one end of the link is used to simultaneously compensate for the forward and backward channels.Specifcally,with emulated turbulence and when the probe is turned on,the mode purity of photons carrying OAMℓ=1 is improved by∼21%with AO mitigation.We also measured the performance when encoding data using OAM{ℓ=−1,+2}and{ℓ=−2,+1}in the forward and backward channels,respectively,at 10 Mbit/s per channel with one photon per pulse on average.For this case,we found that the AO system could reduce the turbulence efects increased quantum-symbolerror-rate(QSER)by∼76%and∼74%,for both channels in the uni-directional and bi-directional cases,respectively.Similar QSER improvement is observed for the opposite direction channels in the bi-directional case. | Cong Liu Kai Pang Zhe Zhao Peicheng Liao Runzhou Zhang Haoqian Song Yinwen Cao Jing Du Long Li Hao Song Yongxiong Ren Guodong Xie Yifan Zhao Jiapeng Zhao Seyed M.H.Rafsanjani Ari N.Willner Jeffrey H.Shapiro Robert W.Boyd Moshe Tur Alan E.Willner | 2019 | Research2019，，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Evaluation of stapler hepatectomy during a laparoscopic liver resection显示文摘 | Joseph F. Buell Brice Gayet Ho‐Seong Han Go Wakabayashi Ki‐Hun Kim Giulio Belli Robert Cannon Bob Saggi Hiro Keneko Alan Koffron Guy Brock Ibrahim Dagher | 2013 | HPB2013，，11： | 3 |
| 19 | International Consensus Statement on surveillance and management of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘 | Loren Laine Tonya Kaltenbach Alan Barkun Kenneth R. McQuaid Venkataraman Subramanian Roy Soetikno James E. East Francis A. Farraye Brian Feagan John Ioannidis Ralf Kiesslich Michael Krier Takayuki Matsumoto Robert P. McCabe Klaus M?nkemüller Robert Odze M | 2014 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，，： | 3 |
| 20 | Diabetes nurse case management and motivational interviewing for change ( DYNAMIC ): Results of a 2‐year randomized controlled pragmatic trial (糖尿病护士病例管理以及促进改变的动机性会谈(DYNAMIC):一项为期2年的实用随机对照研究)显示文摘 | Robert A. Gabbay Raquel M. A?el‐Tiangco Cheryl Dellasega David T. Mauger Alan Adelman Deborah H.A. Van Horn | 2013 | Journal of Diabetes2013，，： | 3 |
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