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| 1 | 欧洲新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征防治指南-2010版显示文摘呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)是由于肺表面活性物质(PS)缺乏及肺结构发育不成熟所致,多见于早产儿,自然病程为生后当时或很快发病,并在生后2d内进行性恶化,如不及时治疗,因进行性缺氧和呼吸衰竭而死亡,存活者,在生后2—4d病情开始改善。胎龄越小,RDS发生率越高,2006年EuroNeoStat的数据显示:胎龄23~25周的早产儿RDS发生率为91%, | Sweet DG Carnielli V Greisen G Hallman M Ozek E Plavka R Saugstad OD Simeoni U Speer CP Halliday HL 袁琳(翻译) 陈超(审校) | 2011 | 中华儿科杂志2011，49，1： | 137 |
| 2 | 帕博利珠单抗单用或与放疗联用治疗转移性非小细胞肺癌:两个随机试验的汇总分析显示文摘背景放疗可以提高整个机体对免疫治疗的应答。在Ⅱ期PEMBRO-RT研究和Ⅰ/Ⅱ期MDACC研究中,患有转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的患者被随机分配入组,接受免疫治疗(帕博利珠单抗)+放疗联合疗法,或免疫治疗单一疗法。当上述2个研究单独分析时,联合疗法组显示出潜在获益。由于每个研究的样本量较小,缓解率和结局并未显示出统计学意义,然而却有显著的临床获益。因此,本研究进行汇总分析,来判断放疗是否会改善转移性NSCLC患者的免疫治疗应答。方法PEMBRO-RT和MDACC研究纳入标准:患者年龄≥18岁,患有转移性NSCLC,且有≥1处未经放疗照射的病灶,以便进行射野外应答监测。PEMBRO-RT研究纳入曾接受过化疗患者,MDACC研究纳入曾接受过治疗或新诊断患者。2个研究中的患者均未接受过免疫治疗。在PEMBRO-RT研究中患者被等比例随机分配入组,并根据吸烟状态进行分层(分为<10年组和≥10年组)。MDACC研究的患者根据放疗计划可行性被等比例随机分配入2个受试组。由于联合治疗组的干预本质,每个研究中的放疗均不适用盲法。在2个研究中,不论是否进行放疗,均静脉滴入帕博利珠单抗(每3周200 mg)。在PEMBRO-RT研究中,在放疗(24 Gy 3次分割照射)结束后1周给予第1剂帕博利珠单抗。在MDACC研究中,在第1次放疗(50 Gy 4次分割照射或45 Gy 15次分割照射)同时给予帕博利珠单抗。仅检测未经照射病灶的应答。本研究的终点为最佳射野外(远隔)应答率(ARR)、最佳射野外疾病控制率(ACR)、12周时ARR、12周时ACR、无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。2个研究的意向治疗(ITT)人群均纳入分析。PEMBRO-RT研究(NCT02492568)和MDACC研究(NCT02444741)均在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册。发现纳入148例患者,76例接受帕博利珠单抗治疗,72例接受帕博利珠单抗+放疗治疗。所有患者随访时间中位数为33个月[四分位距(IQR):32.4~33.6]。148例患者中124例(84%)组织学特征为非鳞癌,111例(75%)患者曾经接受过化疗。组间没有基线特征差异,包括PD-L1表达状态和转移灶体积。最常见的照射部位为肺转移灶(39%,28/72)、胸腔内淋巴结(21%,15/72)和非原发灶(17%,12/72)。帕博利珠单抗组和联合治疗组的最佳ARR分别为19.7%(15/76)和41.7%(30/72),OR=2.96,95%CI:1.42~6.20,P=0.0039;最佳ACR分别为43.4%(33/76)和65.3%(47/72),OR=2.51,95%CI:1.28~4.91,P=0.0071;PFS中位数分别为4.4(IQR:2.9~5.9)和9.0个月(IQR:6.8~11.2),HR=0.67,95%CI:0.45~0.99,P=0.045;OS中位数分别为8.7(IQR:6.4~11.0)和19.2个月(IQR:14.6~23.8),OR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.84,P=0.0004。在汇总分析中没有发现新的安全问题。解读帕博利珠单抗免疫疗法+放疗显著提高转移性NSCLC患者的应答和改善治疗结局。这些结果需要在三期临床试验中进行验证。 | 陈大卫(翻译) 于金明(校对) Willemijn S M E Theelen Vivek Verma Brian P Hobbs Heike M U Peulen Joachim G J V Aerts Idris Bahce Anna Larissa N Niemeijer Joe Y Chang Patricia M de Groot Quynh-Nhu Nguyen Nathan I Comeaux George R Simon Ferdinandos Skoulidis Steven H Lin Kewen He Roshal Patel John Heymach Paul Baas James W Welsh | 2021 | 中华肿瘤防治杂志2021，28，24： | 49 |
| 3 | AGNP精神科治疗药物监测共识指南:2011显示文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从'强烈推荐'到'可能有用'的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的'治疗参考浓度范围'和'剂量相关参考浓度范围'呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了'实验室警戒浓度'的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中获益。 | Hiemke C Baumann P Bergemann N Conca A Dietmaier O Egberts K Fric M Gerlach M Greiner C Gründer G Haen E Havemann-Reinecke U Jaquenoud Sirot E Kirchherr H Laux G Lutz UC Messer T Müller MJ Pfuhlmann B Rambeck B Riederer P Schoppek B Stingl J Uhr M Ulrich S Waschgler R Zernig G 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 阮灿军(译) 贺静(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) | 2016 | 实用药物与临床2016，19，10： | 37 |
| 4 | 欧洲早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征防治共识指南(2013版)显示文摘本次指南更新包括了自2010年以来Cochrane系统评价和医学文献中的最新证据,并采纳了一种新的证据评估分级系统(GRADE)。以往关于早期肺表面活性物质和持续气道正压通气治疗的推荐目前拥有了更坚定的循证依据。对产房复苏、稳定生命体征等内容进行了较大扩充。生命体征稳定后的氧疗目前仍存在一定的争议,但是在获得更多的证据之前,血氧饱和度的目标范围不应低于90%,支持治疗对于超早早产儿仍然极为重要。指南对其他注意事项进行了缩减。 | Sweet D Carnielli V Greisen G Hallman M Ozek E Plavka R Saugstad OD Simeoni U Speer CP Halliday HL 王敏婕 袁琳 陈超 | 2014 | 中华儿科杂志2014，52，10： | 34 |
| 5 | Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content显示文摘Hepatic steatosis affects 20% to 30% of the general adult population in the western world. Currently, the technique of choice for determining hepatic fat deposition and the stage of fibrosis is liver biopsy. However, it is an invasive procedure and its use is limited, particularly in children. It may also be subject to sampling error. Non-invasive techniques such as ultrasound, computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) can detect hepatic steatosis, but currently cannot distinguish between simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, or stage the degree of fibrosis accurately. Ultrasound is widely used to detect hepatic steatosis, but its sensitivity is reduced in the morbidly obese and also in those with small amounts of fatty infiltration. It has been used to grade hepatic fat content, but this is subjective. CT can detect hepatic steatosis, but exposes subjects to ionising radiation, thus limiting its use in longitudinal studies and in children. Recently, magnetic resonance (MR) techniques using chemical shift imaging have provided a quantitative assessment of the degree of hepatic fatty infiltration, which correlates well with liver biopsy results in the same patients. Similarly, in vivo 1H MRS is a fast, safe, non-invasive method forthe quantification of intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) levels. Both techniques will be useful tools in future longitudinal clinical studies, either in examining the natural history of conditions causing hepatic steatosis (e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), or in testing new treatments for these conditions. | Sanjeev R Mehta E Louise Thomas Jimmy D Bell Desmond G Johnston Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，22： | 21 |
| 6 | 下肢浅静脉治疗术后的加压疗法:美国静脉论坛血管、外科学会、美国静脉学会、血管医学学会和国际静脉联盟的临床实践指南显示文摘一、指南的由来下肢浅静脉治疗术后应用压力治疗的方式是几代血管外科医师多年临床经验积累所得,现主要应用于大隐静脉剥脱术、下肢静脉点状剥脱术及静脉硬化治疗等。目前单就静脉硬化治疗而言,术后压力治疗的推荐也是基于相关文献及实验验证[1],但对于其他术式,尤其是对于大隐静脉的热消融术,目前还没有形成规范统一的建议,这也使得当前的压力治疗具有很大的临床差异性。 | Lurie F Lal BK Antignani PL Blebea J Bush R Caprini J Davies A Forrestal M Jacobowitz G Kalodiki E Killewich L Lohr J Ma H Mosti G Partsch H Rooke T Wakefield T 李丹(译) 陈程浩(译) 牛传强(译) 张靖(译) 黄建忠(译) | 2020 | 中华介入放射学电子杂志2020，8，4： | 16 |
| 7 | 内脏脂肪组织通过产生骨桥蛋白调控成纤维细胞衰老促进心脏衰老显示文摘老化通过增加包括骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)在内的细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)蛋白的沉积引起心脏结构和功能改变进而导致进行性间质纤维化。虽然已知OPN参与各种病理状况,但其在心肌衰老中的作用仍不清楚。 | Sawaki D Czibik G Pini M Ternacle J Suffee N Mercedes R Marcelin G Surenaud M Marcos E Gual P Clément K Hue S Adnot S Hatem SN Tsuchimochi I Yoshimitsu T Hénégar C Derumeaux G 刘青 叶鹏 | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，3： | 14 |
| 8 | Calcium signaling and T-type calcium channels in cancer cell cycling显示文摘Regulation of intracellular calcium is an important signaling mechanism for cell proliferation in both normal and cancerous cells. In normal epithelial cells, free calcium concentration is essential for cells to enter and accomplish the S phase and the M phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, cancerous cells can pass these phases of the cell cycle with much lower cytoplasmic free calcium concentrations, indicating an alternative mechanism has developed for fulfilling the intracellular calcium requirement for an increased rate of DNA synthesis and mitosis of fast replicating cancerous cells. The detailed mechanism underlying the altered calcium loading pathway remains unclear; however, there is a growing body of evidence that suggests the T-type Ca2+ channel is abnormally expressed in cancerous cells and that blockade of these channels may reduce cell proliferation in addition to inducing apoptosis. Recent studies also show that the expression of T-type Ca2+ channels in breast cancer cells is proliferation state dependent, i.e. the channels are expressed at higher levels during the fast-replication period, and once the cells are in a non-proliferation state, expression of this channel isminimal. Therefore, selectively blocking calcium entry into cancerous cells may be a valuable approach for preventing tumor growth. Since T-type Ca2+ channels are not expressed in epithelial cells, selective T-type Ca2+ channel blockers may be useful in the treatment of certain types of cancers. | James T Taylor Xiang-Bin Zeng Jonathan E Pottle Kevin Lee Alun R Wang Stephenie G Yi lennifer A S Scruggs Suresh S Sikka Ming Li | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，32： | 12 |
| 9 | Viral hepatitis update: Progress and perspectives显示文摘Viral hepatitis,secondary to infection with hepatitis A,B,C,D,and E viruses,are a major public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality.Despite the huge medical advances achieved in recent years,there are still points of conflict concerning the pathogenesis,immune response,development of new and more effective vaccines,therapies,and treatment.This review focuses on the most important research topics that deal with issues that are currently being solved,those that remain to be solved,and future research directions.For hepatitis A virus we will address epidemiology,molecular surveillance,new susceptible populations as well as environmental and food detections.In the case of hepatitis B virus,we will discuss host factors related to disease,diagnosis,therapy,and vaccine improvement.On hepatitis C virus,we will focus on pathogenesis,immune response,direct action antivirals treatment in the context of solid organ transplantation,issues related to hepatocellular carcinoma development,direct action antivirals resistance due to selection of resistanceassociated variants,and vaccination.Regarding hepatitis D virus,we describe diagnostic methodology,pathogenesis,and therapy.Finally,for hepatitis E virus,we will address epidemiology(including new emerging species),diagnosis,clinical aspects,treatment,the development of a vaccine,and environmental surveillance. | María B Pisano Cecilia G Giadans Diego M Flichman Viviana E Ré María V Preciado Pamela Valva | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，26： | 8 |
| 10 | Combined carriership of TLR9 -1237C and CD14 -260T alleles enhances the risk of developing chronic relapsing pouchitis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in bacterial recognition and the susceptibility to pouchitis or pouchitis severity.METHODS: Analyses of CD14 -260C>T, CARD15/NOD2 3020insC, Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 +896A>G,TLR9 -1237T>C, TLR9+ 2848G>A, and IRAKM +22148G>A SNPs were performed in 157 ileal-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) patients (79 patients who did not develop pouchitis, 43 infrequent pouchitis patients,35 chronic relapsing pouchitis patients) and 224 Italian Caucasian healthy controls.RESULTS: No significant differences were found in SNP frequencies between controls and IPAA patients.However, a significant difference in carriership frequency of the TLR9-1237C allele was found between the infrequent pouchitis and chronic relapsing pouchitis groups [P = 0.028, odd's ratio (OR) = 3.2, 95%CI = 1.2-8.6].This allele uniquely represented a 4-locus TLR9 haplotype comprising both studied TLR9 SNPs in Caucasians.Carrier trait analysis revealed an enhanced combined carriership of the alleles TLR9 -1237C and CD14 -260T in the chronic relapsing pouchitis and infrequent pouchitis group (P = 0.018, OR = 4.1, 95%CI = 1.4 -12.3).CONCLUSION: There is no evidence that the SNPs predispose to the need for IPAA surgery. The significant increase of the combined carriership of the CD14 -260T and TLR9 -1237C alleles in the chronic relapsing pouchitis group suggests that these markers identify a subgroup of IPAA patients with a risk of developing chronic or refractory pouchitis. | KM Lammers S Ouburg SA Morré JBA Crusius P Gionchetti F Rizzello C Morselli E Caramelli R Conte G Poggioli M Campieri AS Pea | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，46： | 7 |
| 11 | Osteoprotegerin: A Novel Secreted Protein Involved in the Regulation of Bone Density显示文摘 | W.S Simonet D.L Lacey C.R Dunstan M Kelley M.-S Chang R Lüthy H.Q Nguyen S Wooden L Bennett T Boone G Shimamoto M DeRose R Elliott A Colombero H.-L Tan G Trail J Sullivan E Davy N Bucay L Renshaw-Gegg T.M Hughes D Hill W Pattison P Campbell S Sander G Van | 1997 | Cell1997，，2： | 6 |
| 12 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
| 13 | 硫酸溶液中1,1′-硫代羰基二咪唑在碳钢上的吸附及缓蚀影响和碘离子的增强效应(英文)显示文摘The inhibition effect of 1,1′-thiocarbonyldiimidazole (TCDI) on the corrosion behaviors of mild steel (MS) in 0.5 mol·L-1 H2SO4 solution was studied with the help of potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization resistance (LPR) techniques. The effect of immersion time on the inhibition effect of TCDI was also investigated over 72 h. For the long-term tests, hydrogen evolution with immersion time (VH2-t) was measured in addition to the three techniques already mentioned. The thermodynamic parameters, such as adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads) and adsorption free energy (△Gads) values, were calculated and discussed. To clarify inhibition mechanism, the synergistic effect of iodide ion was also investigated. The potential of zero charge (PZC) of the MS was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method, and a mechanism of adsorption process was proposed. It was demonstrated that inhibition efficiency increased with the increase in TCDI concentration and synergistically increased in the presence of KI. The inhibition efficiency was discussed in terms of adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface and protective film formation. | SOLMAZ R MERT M. E KARDA■ G YAZICI B ERBL M | 2008 | 物理化学学报2008，24，7： | 4 |
| 14 | 金刚石中的冰-Ⅶ相包裹体:来自地球深部地幔的含水流体证据显示文摘水在地球内部不同圈层的存在形态、分布、含量以及全球水循环一直以来都是固体地球科学研究的前沿热点问题之一。冰-Ⅶ相作为水的一种高压相,目前已经被国际矿物学会认定为一种新矿物。 | Tschauner O Huang S Greenberg E Prakapenka V B Rossman G R Shen A H Zhang D Newville M Lanzirotti A Tait K 张宝华 | 2018 | 矿物岩石地球化学通报2018，37，6： | 4 |
| 15 | 澳大利亚人乳头状瘤病毒疫苗计划实施5年对年轻人群生殖器疣患病情况的影响:国家调查数据分析显示文摘目的评估2007年中开始的澳大利亚人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗计划对生殖器疣患病情况的影响。设计国家调查数据趋势分析。数据来源数据收集于2004--2011年度澳大利亚8所性健康服务机构;其中2所最大的临床中心收集了自我报告的本中心2009年度HPV疫苗现状。研究对象2004--2011年度首次就诊的85770名澳大利亚出生的国民;其中7686(9.0%)名患生殖器疣。主要结局测量比较前疫苗时期(2004—2007年中)和疫苗时期(2007年中-2001年末)不同人群生殖器疣新发病率变化趋势。结果疫苗时期21岁以下和21~30岁女性诊断患有生殖器疣的比例明显下降,发病率分别从2007年度的11.5%和11.3%下降至2011年度的0.85%和3.1%,P均〈0.001。在30岁以上的女性中未发现发病率的明显下降。在21岁以下和21~30岁异性恋男性人群中疫苗时期生殖器疣的发病率较前疫苗时期明显下降,分别由2007年度12.1%和18.2%下降至2011年度2.2%和8.9%,P均〈0.001。30岁以上的异性恋男性人群中发病率无明显下降。2011年235名21岁以下女性在使用HPV疫苗后无新发生殖器疣病例。结论年轻女性生殖器疣发病率的显著下降和2011年度部分年轻女性使用疫苗后的零发病率,说明HPV疫苗获得实验室外的良好功效。异性恋男性生殖器疣发病率的显著下降可能是由于群体免疫所致。 | Hammad Ali,lecturer Basil Donovan, professor HandanWand,senior lecturer Tim R H Read, sexual health physician David G Regan,senior lecturer Andrew E Grulich, professor Christopher K FaMey, professor Rebecca J Guy, associate professor 尹婕(译) 潘凌亚(校) | 2013 | 英国医学杂志中文版2013，16，4： | 4 |
| 16 | Osteoprotegerin Ligand Is a Cytokine that Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation and Activation显示文摘 | D.L Lacey E Timms H.-L Tan M.J Kelley C.R Dunstan T Burgess R Elliott A Colombero G Elliott S Scully H Hsu J Sullivan N Hawkins E Davy C Capparelli A Eli Y.-X Qian S Kaufman I Sarosi V Shalhoub G Senaldi J Guo J Delaney W.J Boyle | 1998 | Cell1998，，2： | 4 |
| 17 | Systematic review of periprosthetic tibia fracture after total knee arthroplasties显示文摘AIM: To investigate the known incidences, treatment options, and related outcomes of periprosthetic tibia fractures after total knee arthroplasty(TKA).METHODS: A literature search was done to identify studies that fit the inclusion criteria. The database search yielded 185 results, which were further reduced by the exclusion criteria to 13 papers, totaling 157 patients that met these criteria. Incidence rates of the different types of periprosthetic tibia fractures were determined and their treatments were subsequently analyzed based on the fracture's subclass, with patient outcomes being overall favorable.RESULTS: Of the 144 documented patients, 54(37.5%) had a subclass C fracture, which are frequently seen in revision arthroplasties or when using cement intraoperatively. The fractures of subclasses A and B occur postoperatively. There were 90 subclass A and B fractures with incidences of 18.75% and 43.75% respectively. When broken down by type, 62(55.36%) were type 1, 24(21.4%) were type 2, 24(21.4%) were type 3, and 2(1.8%) were type 4. Furthermore, from the studies that included origin of injury, the types were further classified as having non-traumatic or traumatic origins. Type 1 had 78%(40/51) non-traumatic origin and 22%(11/51) traumatic origin. Fifteen fractures were type 2, but 5 were falls and 1 through a motor vehicle accident, giving a trauma causation of 40%(6/15). Of the 24 type 3 fractures, 12 were falls and 2 vehicular accidents, leading to a trauma causation of 58%(14/24).CONCLUSION: Type 1 fractures were the most common. Subclass A was treated with locking plates, B required a revision TKA, and C was treated intraoperatively or nonoperatively. | Nabil A Ebraheim Joseph R Ray Meghan E Wandtke Grant S Buchanan Chris G Sanford Jiayong LiuZ | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，8： | 4 |
| 18 | 持续气道正压通气在预防阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者心血管事件中的作用显示文摘阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)导致阵发性低氧血症,夜间交感神经系统激活,血压、氧化应激和炎症指标的升高以及高凝血症。较大的胸内负压波动也会给心脏和大血管施加机械应力。基于人群和睡眠诊所的队列研究显示,OSA与心脑血管事件,特别是脑卒中相关。 | McEvoy RD Antic NA Heeley E Luo Y Ou Q Zhang X Mediano O Chen R Drager LF Liu Z Chen G Du B McArdle N Mukherjee S Tripathi M Billot L Li Q Lorenzi-Filho G Barbe F Redline S Wang J Arima H Neal B White DP Grunstein RR Zhong N Anderson CS 练桂丽 叶鹏 | 2016 | 中华高血压杂志2016，24，11： | 4 |
| 19 | Guidelines and Good Clinical Practice Recommendations for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) - Update 2008显示文摘 | M Claudon D Cosgrove T Albrecht L Bolondi M Bosio F Calliada J.-M Correas K Darge C Dietrich M D’Onofrio D Evans C Filice L Greiner K J?ger N Jong E Leen R Lencioni D Lindsell A Martegani S Meairs C Nols?e F Piscaglia P Ricci G Seidel B Skjoldbye L Solbia | 2008 | Ultraschall in Med2008，，01： | 4 |
| 20 | HIGH-ENERGY IONS PRODUCED IN EXPLOSIONS OF SUPERHEATED ATOMIC CLUSTERS显示文摘 | T Ditmire J W G Tisch E Springate M B Mason N Hay R A Smith J Marangos and M H R Hutchinson | | 0，，： | 4 |
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