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| 1 | Androgen receptor: structure, role in prostate cancer and drug discovery显示文摘Androgens and androgen receptors (AR) play a pivotal role in expression of the male phenotype. Several diseases, such as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and prostate cancer, are associated with alterations in AR functions. Indeed, androgen blockade by drugs that prevent the production of androgens and/or block the action of the AR inhibits prostate cancer growth. However, resistance to these drugs often occurs after 2-3 years as the patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In CRPC, a functional AR remains a key regulator. Early studies focused on the functional domains of the AR and its crucial role in the pathology. The elucidation of the structures of the AR DNA binding domain (DBD) and ligand binding domain (LBD) provides a new framework for understanding the functions of this receptor and leads to the development of rational drug design for the treatment of prostate cancer. An overview of androgen receptor structure and activity, its actions in prostate cancer, and how structural information and high-throughput screening have been or can be used for drug discovery are provided herein. | MH Eileen TAN Jun LI H Eric XU Karsten MELCHER Eu-leong YONG | 2015 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2015，36，1： | 39 |
| 2 | Amyloid beta: structure, biology and structure-based therapeutic development显示文摘淀粉的贝它肽(A) 通过 transmembrane 蛋白质的解朊的处理被生产,淀粉的先锋蛋白质(应用软件) ,由 - 并且 -secretases。在大脑的累积被建议是在 Alzheimers 疾病的致病的一个早有毒的事件,它是在大脑与匾和混乱联系的痴呆的最普通的形式。当前, A 的生理、病理学的形式是什么,是不清楚的并且由由什么机制, A 引起痴呆。而且,没有有效的药停止或逆行 Alzheimers 的前进疾病。在这份报纸,我们考察 A 的结构,生物功能,和 neurotoxicity 角色。我们也讨论与 A 交往并且调停的潜在的受体吸入,清理,和新陈代谢。另外,我们为治疗 Alzheimers 疾病总结治疗学的开发和不同策略的最近的进展。最后,我们将在象为 Alzheimers 疾病的治疗答应策略选择一样寻找新奇、潜在地有效的代理人在进步上报导。这些前景包括对 A,它的受体和字形物蛋白质起作用的代理人,例如对 A 的小分子,疫苗和抗体;禁止者或调节的人 - 并且 -secretase;降级 A 的朊酶;字形物蛋白质禁止者和疫苗;淀粉的染料和 microRNAs。 | Guo-fang CHEN Ting-hai XU Yan YAN Yu-ren ZHOU Yi JIANG Karsten MELCHER H Eric XU | 2017 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2017，38，9： | 39 |
| 3 | FAIR Principles:Interpretations and Implementation Considerations显示文摘The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle. | Annika Jacobsen Ricardo de Miranda Azevedo Nick Juty Dominique Batista Simon Coles Ronald Cornet Melanie Courtot Merce Crosas Michel Dumontier Chris T.Evelo Carole Goble Giancarlo Guizzardi Karsten Kryger Hansen Ali Hasnain Kristina Hettne Jaap Heringa Rob W.W.Hooft Melanie Imming Keith G.Jeffery Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Martijn GKersloot Christine R.Kirkpatrick Tobias Kuhn Ignasi Labastida Barbara Magagna PeterMcQuilton Natalie Meyers Annalisa Montesanti Mirjam van Reisen Philippe Rocca-Serra Robert Pergl Susanna-Assunta Sansone Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Juliane Schneider George Strawn Mark Thompson Andra Waagmeester Tobias Weigel Mark D.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Peter Wittenburg Marco Roos Barend Mons Erik Schultes | 2020 | Data Intelligence2020，2，1： | 26 |
| 4 | On the combined effect of soil fertility and topography on tree growth in subtropical forest ecosystems—a study from SE China显示文摘Aims The aim of our research was to understand small-scale effects of topography and soil fertility on tree growth in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment in subtropical SE China.Methods Geomorphometric terrain analyses were carried out at a spatial resolution of 5×5 m.Soil samples of different depth increments and data on tree height were collected from a total of 566 plots(667 m2 each).The soils were analyzed for carbon(soil organic carbon[SOC]),nitrogen,acidity,cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable cations and base saturation as soil fertility attributes.All plots were classified into geomorphological units.Analyses of variance and linear regressions were applied to all terrain,soil fertility and tree growth attributes.Important Findings In general,young and shallow soils and relatively small differences in stable soil properties suggest that soil erosion has truncated the soils to a large extent over the whole area of the experiment.This explains the concurrently increasing CEC and SOC stocks downslope,in hollows and in valleys.However,colluvial,carbon-rich sediments are missing widely due to the convexity of the footslopes caused by uplift and removal of eroded sediments by adjacent waterways.The results showed that soil fertility is mainly influenced by topography.Monte-Carlo flow accumulation(MCCA),curvature,slope and aspect significantly affected soil fertility.Furthermore,soil fertility was affected by the different geomorphological positions on the experimental sites with ridge and spur positions showing lower exchangeable base cation contents,especially potassium(K),due to leaching.This geomorphological effect of soil fertility is most pronounced in the topsoil and decreases when considering the subsoil down to 50 cm depth.Few soil fertility attributes affect tree height after 1-2 years of growth,among which C stocks proved to be most important while pH_(KCl)and CEC only played minor roles.Nevertheless,soil acidity and a high proportion of Al on the exchange complex affected tree height even after only 1-2 years growth.Hence,our study showed that forest nutrition is coupled to a recycling of litter nutrients,and does not only depend on subsequent supply of nutrients from the mineral soil.Besides soil fertility,topography affected tree height.We found that especially MCCA as indicator of water availability affected tree growth at small-scale,as well as aspect.Overall,our synthesis on the interrelation between fertility,topography and tree growth in a subtropical forest ecosystem in SE China showed that topographic heterogeneity lead to ecological gradients across geomorphological positions.In this respect,small-scale soil-plant interactions in a young forest can serve as a driver for the future development of vegetation and biodiversity control on soil fertility.In addition,it shows that terrain attributes should be accounted for in ecological research. | Thomas Scholten Philipp Goebes Peter Kühn Steffen Seitz Thorsten Assmann Jürgen Bauhus Helge Bruelheide Francois Buscot Alexandra Erfmeier Markus Fischer Werner Härdtle Jin-Sheng He Keping Ma Pascal A.Niklaus Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Xuezheng Shi Zhengshan Song Goddert von Oheimb Christian Wirth Tesfaye Wubet Karsten Schmidt | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 22 |
| 5 | 黄土区几种土壤培养过程中可溶性有机碳、氮含量及特性的变化显示文摘对不同地域农田和林地土壤进行35 d好气培养研究,结果表明:不同土壤培养过程中可溶性有机碳(SOC)含量呈明显下降,而可溶性有机氮(SON)含量却呈明显增加趋势。不同农田土壤相比,在培养起始时和培养过程中红油土SOC和SON的平均含量均高于黑垆土和淋溶褐土;同为黑垆土,林地土壤SOC和SON含量均明显高于相应农田土壤。与起始值相比,土壤培养后提取的可溶性有机物的UV280和HIXem(Hu-mification index)值均明显增加,其中HIXem值在培养的第8天和第35天时呈显著增加趋势。随着培养过程的持续,SOC/SON比值逐渐下降。相关分析发现,培养第35天时SOC的减少幅度与UV 280增加比例呈显著正相关;培养第8天时SOC的减少比例与起始HIXem值呈显著负相关。说明UV280和HIXem值可以在一定程度上反映可溶性有机物种类和结构特性的变化。 | 赵满兴 Kalbitz Karsten 周建斌 | 2008 | 土壤学报2008，45，3： | 19 |
| 6 | An ABA-mimicking ligand that reduces water loss and promotes drought resistance in plants显示文摘Abscisic 酸(骆驼毛的织物) 是最重要的荷尔蒙让植物抵抗干旱和另外的不能生活的压力。骆驼毛的织物直接绑在骆驼毛的织物受体的 PYR/PYL 家庭,导致类型 2C 磷酸酶(PP2C ) 和下游的骆驼毛的织物发信号的激活的抑制。骆驼毛的织物由小分子发信号的干预能帮助植物克服象干旱,寒冷和土壤咸度那样的不能生活的压力,这被想象。然而,由植物酶的化学不稳定性和快速的分解代谢限制骆驼毛的织物本身的实际申请。这里,我们报导一件小分子骆驼毛的织物的鉴定模仿(AM1 ) 那充当骆驼毛的织物受体的家庭的多重成员的有势力使活跃之物。在 Arabidopsis, AM1 激活高度类似于由骆驼毛的织物导致了那的一个基因网络。有 AM1 的处理禁止种子萌芽,阻止叶水损失,并且支持干旱抵抗。我们与 PYL2 骆驼毛的织物受体和 HAB1 PP2C 在建筑群解决了 AM1 的水晶结构,它表明 AM1 调停交往的 gate-latch-lock 网络,在骆驼毛的织物界限 receptor/PP2C 建筑群被保存的一个结构的特征。一起,这些结果证明一件单个小分子骆驼毛的织物模仿能激活多重骆驼毛的织物受体并且保护植物免受水损失和干旱应力的伤害。而且, AM1 复杂水晶结构为设计 ABA-mimicking 小分子的下一代提供一个结构的基础。 | Minjie Cao Xue Liu Yan Zhang Xiaoqian Xue X EdwardZhou Karsten Melcher Pan Gao Fuxing Wang Liang Zeng Yang Zhao Pan Deng Dafang Zhong Jian-Kang Zhu H Eric Xu Yong Xu | 2013 | Cell Research2013，23，8： | 17 |
| 7 | 晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落优势种种间关系研究显示文摘文中在对晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落进行样方调查的基础上,筛选了16个群落优势种,采用χ^2检验、Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相关系数和聚类分析相结合的方法,对该16个优势种、共120个种对的种间关系进行了研究。结果表明:1)χ^2检验、Pearson相关分析和Spearman秩相关分析结果基本一致,晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落优势种负关联种对数显著多于正关联的种对数;2)16个优势种种对间关联率较高,且正负关联比均小于1,说明该区大多数人工植物群落比较脆弱,群落结构简单,应加强其科学管护;3)正关联的种对主要体现了种对间生物学特性相近,对生境的生态适应性相似和相互重叠的生态位;而负关联的种对间往往具有不同的生物学特性,对生境条件的适应性相异或存在相互竞争。乔木层中小叶杨与油松,灌木层中乌柳与柠条锦鸡儿,草本层中沙生冰草与披碱草等种对间呈极显著负相关,在植被恢复中不宜混种。而不同层间的小叶杨和沙棘、沙生冰草,油松与达乌里胡枝子、新疆杨与柠条锦鸡儿、鹅观草等种对间呈极显著正相关,在植被恢复中适宜混种;4)根据Spearman秩相关系数聚类分析结果和植物种的生态习性及分布范围,将16个优势种划分为4个生态种组。 | 韩锦涛 李素清 赵德怀 Karsten Liber | 2016 | 干旱区资源与环境2016，30，12： | 16 |
| 8 | 山西阳泉矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系显示文摘为揭示煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种的种间联结性,在野外样方调查的基础上,采用χ^2检验、Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验方法,研究阳泉矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落16个优势种的种间关系.结果表明:(i)120个种对中,χ^2检验与Pearson相关检验的正负关联比(分别为3.0和1.80)大于1,而Spearman秩相关检验的正负关联比(0.94)小于1;(ii)与χ~2检验和Pearson相关检验相比,Spearman秩相关检验的灵敏度高于Pearson相关检验,反映种间关系更准确;(iii)120个种对中呈不显著相关种对数明显大于极显著或显著相关种对,说明阳泉矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落的结构简单,仍处于演替初、中期阶段;(iiii)根据Spearman秩相关系数,将16个优势种分为3个生态种组,导致生态种组分化的主导因子是土壤水分条件.因此,在阳泉矿区煤矸石山植被恢复初期应以人工恢复为主,以加快其演替进程;优势种白羊草与臭椿、荆条与刺槐、杠柳与荆条或刺槐、臭椿与刺槐等5个种对间呈极显著或显著正相关,它们为耐旱、耐贫瘠、生态适应性强的先锋物种,可用于该区煤矸石山人工植被恢复的优选先锋物种进行混合种植. | 李木楠 李志娟 李素清 Karsten Liber | 2015 | 应用与环境生物学报2015，21，6： | 13 |
| 9 | 基于ERA-Interim再分析资料的中国极端气温分析显示文摘采用中国陆域1989年-2009年3小时0.71°格点的ERA-Interim地表2m气温预报数据,运用累积分布函数与分位数对研究区的极端低温和极端高温进行分析。结果表明:东北、青藏高原及西北地区为极端低温的集聚区,极端低温逐步沿西北-东南方向递增;青藏高原为全国极端高温中的唯一冷中心,西北盆地为最热中心;ERA-Interim再分析资料能够较好地反映中国极端低温和极端高温空间分布规律,整体上具有较好的可信度。结合分位数方法定量分析了极端气温的持续时间,为极端气候事件的定量研究提供了方法借鉴。 | 高路 Karsten Schulz 陈兴伟 林广发 | 2014 | 南水北调与水利科技2014，12，2： | 12 |
| 10 | 边界层吸气对压气机叶栅角区分离损失的控制显示文摘压气机角区的大范围回流通常会引起叶片通道中的三维阻塞现象,并伴随有强烈的掺混流动损失。采用德国航空航天中心(DLR)开发的TRACE程序,在其推进技术研究所的高速压气机叶栅试验台(包含5个NACA65K48直叶片)上,研究了位于端壁上的边界层吸气措施——叶片弦中近尾缘吸气槽(MTE)对该直压气机叶栅通道的角区分离进行控制,减小二次流动损失,进而削弱其对总损失的影响。通过基于定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方法的数值模拟研究与相应的试验研究对比,端壁边界层吸气能够较好地重新组织角区气流流动,减弱附着于叶片吸力面尾缘的集中脱落涡,使得角区分离涡强度显著降低,由此引起的二次流损失也明显降低,与无吸气状态相比最大降幅可达81.2%;在设计状态下采用吸气流量率为1%的MTE,总压损失有很大程度的降低:在数值计算中,降幅为15.2%;试验测量中为9.7%。 | 陈萍萍 乔渭阳 Karsten LIESNER Robert MEYER | 2014 | 航空学报2014，35，11： | 8 |
| 11 | Structural basis of AMPK regulation by adenine nucleotides and glycogen显示文摘激活安培的蛋白质 kinase (AMPK ) 为糖尿病,肥胖,和癌症的治疗是一个中央细胞的精力传感器和精力动态平衡,和一个有希望的药目标的管理者。这里我们人的 α 的现在的低分辨率的水晶结构; 1 β 2 γ 1 holo-AMPK 建筑群跳了到它的 allosteric 调节的人安培和肝糖模仿 cyclodextrin,两个在 phosphorylated (4.05 Å) 并且 non-phosphorylated (4.60 Å) 状态。另外,我们解决了 2.95 Å人的 kinase 领域(KD ) 的结构跳了到邻近的 autoinhibitory 领域(帮助) 并且表现了广泛生物化学并且 mutational 研究。一起,这些研究由安培和肝糖说明 allosteric AMPK 调整的内在的机制,其绑定改变在交替的帮助(安培) 和糖类绑定模块(肝糖) 之间的 equilibria 相互作用。 | Xiaodan Li Lili Wang X Edward Zhou Jiyuan Ke Parker W de Waal Xin Gu M H Eileen Tan Dongye Wang Donghai Wu H Eric Xu Karsten Melcher | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，1： | 8 |
| 12 | Solving the inverse grating problem by white light interference Fourier scatterometry显示文摘Scatterometry is a well-established,fast and precise optical metrology method used for the characterization of sub-lambda periodic features.The Fourier scatterometry method,by analyzing the Fourier plane,makes it possible to collect the angle-resolved diffraction spectrum without any mechanical scanning.To improve the depth sensitivity of this method,we combine it with white light interferometry.We show the exemplary application of the method on a silicon line grating.To characterize the sub-lambda features of the grating structures,we apply a model-based reconstruction approach by comparing simulated and measured spectra.All simulations are based on the rigorous coupled-wave analysis method. | Valeriano Ferreras Paz Sandy Peterhansel Karsten Frenner Wolfgang Osten | 2012 | Light(Science & Applications)2012，1，1： | 8 |
| 13 | 定量分析加热后乳清蛋白与酪蛋白的结合显示文摘将复原脱脂乳在 70~ 90℃范围内加热 1 0~ 2 5min后 ,用超速离心分离出酪蛋白微粒 ,并用毛细管电泳法定量分析。结果显示 ,β-乳球蛋白更容易结合到酪蛋白微粒上。当加热条件为 70℃、1 0 min时就有相当多的 β-乳球蛋白发生了这种结合 ,这时酪蛋白微粒中没发现任何 α-乳清蛋白 ,只有当加热温度大于 75℃时才有少量 α-乳清蛋白与酪蛋白微粒结合。复原脱脂乳经 90℃、2 5min加热后几乎所有 β-乳球蛋白都已转入酪蛋白微粒部分 ,而只有近 50 %的α-乳清蛋白转入酪蛋白微粒。 | 周志伟 盛东生 许永红 Merete Faergem Jeanette Otte Karsten Bruun Qvist | 2000 | 食品工业科技2000，21，5： | 7 |
| 14 | Destabilization of strigolactone receptor DWARF14 by binding of ligand and E3-1igase signaling effector DWARF3显示文摘 | Li-Hua Zhao X Edward Zhou Wei Yi Zhongshan Wu Yue Liu Yanyong Kang Li Hou Parker W de Waal Suling Li Yi Jiang Adrian Scaffidi Gavin R Flematti Steven M Smith Vinh Q Lam Patrick R Griffin YonghongWang Jiayang Li Karsten Melcher H Eric Xu | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，11： | 7 |
| 15 | 黄土区几种土壤培养过程中可溶性有机氮的变化及其与土壤矿化氮的关系显示文摘研究了黄土高原12种土壤(农地和林地)35 d好气培养过程中可溶性有机氮(SON)含量及其占可溶性全氮(TSN)的比例,以及SON与土壤矿化氮间的关系。结果表明,随着培养过程的进行,不同类型土壤SON的含量均呈明显增加;土壤SON占TSN的比例在培养的前3 d内明显下降,随后这一比例基本保持在24%左右。根据总可溶性氮确定的供试土壤氮素矿化势No平均为45.8 mg/kg,较由矿化的无机氮确定的土壤氮素矿化势No(平均36.5 mg/kg)高约1/4左右;培养过程中土壤SON含量与利用无机氮拟合得到的土壤氮素矿化势No间的相关性未达显著水平。研究表明,评价土壤氮素矿化特性时仅仅测定矿化的无机氮数量,可能会低估土壤氮素矿化潜力和氮素损失的数量和效应。 | 赵满兴 Kalbitz Karsten 周建斌 | 2008 | 水土保持学报2008，22，4： | 7 |
| 16 | Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels in the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infection: A European perspective显示文摘 | Jerzy Jaroszewicz Beatriz Calle Serrano Karsten Wursthorn Katja Deterding Jerome Schlue Regina Raupach Robert Flisiak C.-Thomas Bock Michael P. Manns Heiner Wedemeyer Markus Cornberg | 2010 | Journal of Hepatology2010，，4： | 6 |
| 17 | The Long Noncoding MALAT-1 RNA Indicates a Poor Prognosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Induces Migration and Tumor Growth显示文摘 | Lars Henning Schmidt Tilmann Spieker Steffen Koschmieder Julia Humberg Dominik Jungen Etmar Bulk Antje Hascher Danielle Wittmer Alessandro Marra Ludger Hillejan Karsten Wiebe Wolfgang E. Berdel Rainer Wiewrodt Carsten Muller-Tidow | 2011 | Journal of Thoracic Oncology2011，，12： | 6 |
| 18 | Investigation of the steam-cooled blade in a steam turbine cascade显示文摘With the increasing demand for electricity,an efficiency improvement and thereby reduced CO2 emissions of the coal-fired plants are expected in order to reach the goals set in the Kyoto protocol.It can be achieved by a rise of the process parameters.Currently,live steam pressures and temperatures up to 300 bars and 923 K are planned as the next step.Closed circuit steam cooling of blades and vanes in modern steam turbines is a promising technology in order to establish elevated live steam temperatures in future steam turbine cycles.In this paper,a steam-cooled test vane in a cascade with external hot steam flow is analyzed numerically with the in-house code CHTflow.A parametric analysis aiming to improve the cooling effectiveness is carried out by varying the cooling mass flow ratio.The results from two investigated cases show that the steam cooling technique has a good application potential in the steam turbine.The internal part of the vane is cooled homogeneously in both cases.With the increased cooling mass flow rate,there is a significant improvement of cooling efficiency at the leading edge.The results show that the increased cooling mass flow ratio can enhance the cooling effectiveness at the leading edge.With respect to trailing edge,there is no observable improvement of cooling effectiveness with the increased cooling mass flow.This implies that due to the limited dimension at the trailing edge,the thermal stress cannot be decreased by increasing the cooling mass flow rate.Therefore,impingement-cooling configuration at the trailing edge might be a solution to overcome the critical thermal stress there.It is also observed that the performance of the cooling effective differs on pressure side and suction side.It implicates that the equilibrium of the cooling effectiveness on two sides are influenced by a coupled relationship between cooling mass flow ratio and hole geometry.In future work,optimizing the hole geometry and cooling steam supply conditions might be the solutions for an equivalent cooling effectiveness along whole profile. | Dieter Bohn Jing Ren Karsten Kusterer | 2007 | 航空动力学报2007，22，5： | 6 |
| 19 | Local hypothermia and optimal temperature for stroke therapy in rats显示文摘冷盐溶液的 intravascular 注入有效地导致的背景本地降低体温在中风减少大脑损坏。我们进一步在我们的学习决定了本地降低体温的最佳的温度。78 只成年男 Sprague Dawley 老鼠(260-300 g ) 随机被划分成 3 个组的方法:组 A,没有冷盐的注入(n=-26 )( 控制组) 的 ischemia/reperfusion;组 B,注入与 20 在灌注(n=26 ) 前盐;组织 C:有在灌注(n=26 ) 前盐的 10 ~ C 的注入。在每个组,我们选择了 15 只老鼠因为监视物理索引和大脑(外皮和 striatum ) 和身体(肛门) 的温度,大脑梗塞体积的测量,对神经病学的赤字的评价和幸存在 48 个小时灌注评价。从各个的 8 只老鼠组织的另外一个为在灌注以后在 48 个小时检验大脑浮肿, 3 由电子显微镜学(他们) 为组织学的观察从各个组织的另外一个和轻显微镜学(LM ) 被选择。在那里的结果不在考试期间是在为物理索引的 3 个组之中的重要差别(F (2,45 )=0.577, P=0.568;F (2, 45 )= 0.42,为血压的 P=0.78 和血气体分析,分别地) 。大脑温度显著地与另外的组相比在组 C 被减少(F (2, 45 )=37.074, P=0.000;F (2, 45 )=32.983, P=0.000 外皮和 striatum 温度分别地) 当在在在灌注以后的组 A 和 B 或 C 之间的直肠的温度的差别不是重要的时(F (2, 45 )= 0.17115, P=0.637 ) 。并且大脑梗塞体积显著地在组 C 被减少(从 40%?? 獲有 ?? ″ ?栠灡潬祴数 | WU Hao JIANG Li-dan Karsten H. Wrede JI Xun-ming ZHAO Xi-qing TIAN Xin GAO Yu-fei LING Feng | 2009 | Chinese Medical Journal2009，，13： | 5 |
| 20 | Structure and mechanism for recognition of peptide hormones by Class B G-protein-coupled receptors显示文摘班 B G-protein-coupled 受体(GPCR ) 是为包括 glucagon,甲状旁腺的荷尔蒙,和 calcitonin 的肽荷尔蒙的受体。这些受体涉及大量生理的活动,从到骨胳的系统的开发和维护的新陈代谢的规定和压力控制。因此,他们是重要的药目标因为糖尿病,骨质疏松症,和应力的处理联系了混乱。班 B GPCR 被组织成二个模块化的领域:一个细胞外的领域(ECD ) 和包含七 transmembrane helices (TM 领域) 的螺旋状的捆。ECD 为荷尔蒙绑定的高亲密关系和特性负责,并且 TM 域为联合到下游的 G 蛋白质的受体激活和信号被要求。尽管全身的受体的结构仍然保持未知, ECD 结构是为很多班 B GPCR 描绘的井,揭示为 ligand 识别的普通褶层。这评论总结为治疗学的目的在肽荷尔蒙类似物的设计由班 B ECD 和他们的含意指导荷尔蒙绑定的一般结构的原则。 | Kuntal PAL Karsten MELCHER H Eric XU | 2012 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2012，33，3： | 5 |
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