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| 1 | Ultrafast epitaxial growth of metre-sized single-crystal graphene on industrial Cu foil显示文摘A foundation of the modern technology that uses single-crystal silicon has been the growth of highquality single-crystal Si ingots with diameters up to 12 inches or larger. For many applications of graphene, large-area high-quality(ideally of single-crystal) material will be enabling. Since the first growth on copper foil a decade ago, inch-sized single-crystal graphene has been achieved. We present here the growth, in 20 min, of a graphene film of(5 ×50) cm^2 dimension with >99% ultra-highly oriented grains.This growth was achieved by:(1) synthesis of metre-sized single-crystal Cu(1 1 1) foil as substrate;(2)epitaxial growth of graphene islands on the Cu(1 1 1) surface;(3) seamless merging of such graphene islands into a graphene film with high single crystallinity and(4) the ultrafast growth of graphene film.These achievements were realized by a temperature-gradient-driven annealing technique to produce single-crystal Cu(1 1 1) from industrial polycrystalline Cu foil and the marvellous effects of a continuous oxygen supply from an adjacent oxide. The as-synthesized graphene film, with very few misoriented grains(if any), has a mobility up to ~23,000 cm^2 V^(-1)s^(-1)at 4 K and room temperature sheet resistance of ~230 Ω/□. It is very likely that this approach can be scaled up to achieve exceptionally large and high-quality graphene films with single crystallinity, and thus realize various industrial-level applications at a low cost. | Xiaozhi Xu Zhihong Zhang Jichen Dong Ding Yi Jingjing Niu Muhong Wu Li Lin Rongkang Yin Mingqiang Li Jingyuan Zhou Shaoxin Wang Junliang Sun Xiaojie Duan Peng Gao Ying Jiang Xiaosong Wu Hailin Peng Rodney S. Ruoff Zhongfan Liu Dapeng Yu Enge Wang Feng Ding Kaihui Liu | 2017 | Science Bulletin2017，62，15： | 40 |
| 2 | OBSERVATION AND MODEL ANALYSES OF POSITIVE CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING IN MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS显示文摘The analyses of spatial and temporal characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning for four mesoscaleconvective systems and two severe local convective systems in 1989 and 1990 show that positive CG flash rate usuallyhas two peak values.The major peak occurs during the developing stage of the storm and most of the positive CGflashes originate at the lower part of the storm.The minor occurs during the dissipative stage of the storm and most ofthe positive CG flashes originate at the upper part of the storm,especially in the region of the wind divergence in thestorm anvil.The positive CG flash rate is almost an order of magnitude larger in the developing stage than in thedissipative stage.The appearing time of the peak of negative CG flash rate is in accordance with that of the valley of pos-itive CG flash rate.The higher the intensity of the radar echo,the higher the positive CG flash rate.Most of the positive CG flashes oc-cur when the weak echo area is larger,and mostly originate in the region where the radar echo intensity is about 10dBzand in the back region of the moving storms.The spatial distribution of the positive CG flashes is much more dispersivethan that of the negative.The mesoscale analysis reveals a bipolar lightning pattern.The mean bipole--length reaches itsminimum during the mature stage of the storm and reaches the maximum during the developing stage of the storm.The vertical distribution of the charge density is calculated by a one-dimensional charging model.Then,we discussthe producing condition of the positive CG lightning and forming cause of charge structure mentioned above. | Yan Muhong Guo Changming Qie Xiushu Ge Zhengmo Zhang Guangshu Lanzhou Institute of Plateau Atmospheric Physics,Academia Sinica,Lanzhou 730000 | 1992 | Acta meteorologica Sinica1992，6，4： | 16 |
| 3 | Relations between sedimentary sequence and paleoclimatic changes during last 200 ka in the southern South China Sea显示文摘Core NS-93-5 was taken from the mild slope terrace of the southern South China Sea (SCS), which has preserved the steadiness depositional record of the normal marine environment since late Quaternary. Sedimentary sequence and oxygen isotopic stratigraphy of high resolution in the near 200 ka of the southern SCS has been established. By the comparative analysis with GISP2’s ice core, the depositional record of D/O’s events 1-21 and Heinrich’s events H1-H6 in the southern SCS that reflected the quick climate change in short time scale since the last interglacial stage is revealed, which indicates that in the last 200 ka in the southern SCS and the Arctic area there was tele-connection of paleoclimate and the unstability of the Western Pacific Warm Pool. This note shows that the sedimentary layers order of this sea area classified by color identification and by oxygen isotope stratum has the very good corresponding relation. The color feature of sediment changes along with the climate and the former | Muhong Chen Xia Tu Fan Zheng Wen Yan Xianzan Tang Jun Lu Baogui Wang Miao’an Lu | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，14： | 12 |
| 4 | Bidirectional propagation of lightning leader显示文摘The characteristics of initial leader of triggered lightning flashes are studied by use of a highspeed digital camera system with the rate of 1000 frame per second and simultaneous measurements of current and electric field change with 0.1 μs time resolution. The results show that the altitude-triggered lightning was initiated by bidirectional propagation leader because of 'current interruption' by air gap,whereas the grounded-triggered one was not. The onset of downward-moving positive leader was prior to that of the upward-going negative leader for 843 ms in an altitude-triggered lightning under the positive ambient electric field. The downward-moving leader, regardless of its polarity, would produce inhomogeneous distribution of luminosity (current) along the channel on the moment of connection to the ground. | Caiwei Wang Muhong Yan Xinsheng Liu Yijun Zhang Wansheng Dong Cuihua Zhang | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，2： | 8 |
| 5 | Wavelength and oscillator strength of dipole transition 1s^22p—1s^2nd for Mn^(22+) ion显示文摘The transition energies, wavelengths and dipole oscillator strengths of 1s22p-1s2nd (3≤n≤9) for Mn22+ ion are calculated. The fine structure splittings of 1s2nd (n≤9) states for this ion are also evaluated. In calculating energy, the higher-order relativistic contribution is estimated under a hydrogenic approximation. The quantum defect of Rydberg series 1s2nd is determined according to the quantum defect theory. The results obtained in this paper excellently agree with the experi-mental data available in literatures. | WANG ZhiWen, WANG YaNan, HU MuHong, LI XinRu & LIU Ying School of Physics and Electronic Technology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China | 2008 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2008，51，11： | 8 |
| 6 | Radiolarian record to paleoecological environment change events over the past 1.2 MaBP in the southern South China Sea显示文摘This note studies the Radiolarian fossil groups since 1.2 MaBP in ODP leg 184 site 1143, the southern South China Sea (SCS). The result shows that radiolarian abundance experienced a significant variation: before 0.9 MaBP it remained at the extremely low level, but increased with low extent between 0.9-0.65 Ma, which corresponded to the Mid-Pleistocene Transition stage, and it increased rapidly after 0.65 MaBP. During the whole process, the average abundance became higher and higher in each stage, and showed regularly periodic fluctuations. The obvious increase after 0.65 MaBP is inferred to result from the enhanced up-welling in this region, which was induced by the intensified monsoon circulation after the 'Mid-Pleistocene Transition'. An outstanding result of the spectral analyses is that a long oscillation of - 0.2 Ma cycle was found in the records of radiolarian abundance and complex diversity, which corresponds well to the result of other paleoceanographic indexes. This probably indicated a | YANG Lihong CHEN Muhong WANG Rujian ZHEN Fan | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，17： | 8 |
| 7 | Simulation study of discharge processes in thunderstorm显示文摘The discharge characteristics in thunderstorm have been calculated by using a numerical cloud model. The results indicate that discharge processes occur when simulated thunderstorm developed at the stage of 30-45 min and initial locations of discharge mainly distributes between 4.4-4.8 km and 6.4-6.8 km above the ground (corresponding to ambient temperature of - 10℃ and -25℃. In simulated thunderstorm with a tripole electric structure, | Yijun Zhang Muhong Yan Xinsheng Liu | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，22： | 7 |
| 8 | Radiolarian transfer function for paleo-primary productivity in the South China Sea显示文摘Basic data of radiolarian group and primary productivity were from 46 investigation stations of the South China Sea. The factor analysis of principal component and the least squares estimation in both linear regression and nonlinear estimation were applied to establishing the radiolarian transfer function for paleo-primary productivity in this sea area. The results show that the transfer function of nonlinear regression analysis for the radiolarian assemblage and primary productivity has much better parameters. Factors analysis has accumulating variance of 83.6% and communalities of more than 0.940347. Nonlinear regression analysis gives multiple correlation coefficient as 0.84888 and explained variance as 72.059%. The equation of transfer function is with an average estimated error of about 53.778 mg·C/m^2·d, which is 14.69% in average observed values. Calculation accuracy is 85.31% for the system of transfer function. | Muhong Chen Liangmin Huang Xia Tu Fan Zheng | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，13： | 6 |
| 9 | Youger Dryas and Heinrich events recorded by magnetic susceptibility of sediments from the central temperature area of Western Pacific Warm Pool显示文摘Three short geomagnetic excursions, the Go thenburg, Mono Lake and Mungo (or Maelifell) in the Brunhes Positive Polarity period, were revealed based on the studies of magnetostratigraphy, susceptibility (c) and d 18O of sediments in core WP 92-5 from the central temperature area of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), and the ages of them are 12.111.3 kaBP, 25.024.0 kaBP, and 31.028.0 kaBP respectively. Furthermore, the Younger Dryas (YD) and Heinrich (H) cold events were also discov- ered in this core by the susceptibility record. The YD cold event occurred at the depth of 3022 cm with an age of 11.510.6 kaBP; H1, H2 and H3 cold events occurred at depths of 5139 cm, 10891 cm and 140126 cm with ages of 15.113.0 kaBP, 25.022.1 kaBP and 30.628.2 kaBP respectively, which well correspond to the H1, H2, H3 events recorded by susceptibility of core SU90-09 from middle At- lantic, indicating that the susceptibility change of marine sediments can be an important sign of climatic frequent fluc- tuations. | TANG Xianzan, CHEN Zhong,YAN Wen & CHEN Muhong The Open Laboratory of Geology and Paleoenvironment of Marginal Sea, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，8： | 5 |
| 10 | Carbon nanotube transistors with graphene oxide films as gate dielectrics显示文摘Carbon nanomaterials,including the one-dimensional(1-D) carbon nanotube(CNT) and two-dimensional(2-D) graphene,are heralded as ideal candidates for next generation nanoelectronics.An essential component for the development of advanced nanoelectronics devices is processing-compatible oxide.Here,in analogy to the widespread use of silicon dioxide(SiO2) in silicon microelectronic industry,we report the proof-of-principle use of graphite oxide(GO) as a gate dielectrics for CNT field-effect transistor(FET) via a fast and simple solution-based processing in the ambient condition.The exceptional transistor characteristics,including low operation voltage(2 V),high carrier mobility(950 cm2/V-1 s-1),and the negligible gate hysteresis,suggest a potential route to the future all-carbon nanoelectronics. | FU WangYang,LIU Lei,WANG WenLong,WU MuHong,XU Zhi,BAI XueDong & WANG EnGe Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，5： | 4 |
| 11 | Distribution of living radiolarians in spring in the South China Sea and its responses to environmental factors显示文摘Using a planktonic net(62-?m mesh) and a Rose-Bengal staining method, we studied the spatial distribution of living radiolarians in spring along two sections of the South China Sea(SCS) in spring and discussed the responses of living radiolarian distribution to tropical environmental factors. Generally, the highest abundance of living radiolarians occurred at the depth range of 25–75 m, where the chlorophyll-a maximum and the highest primary productivity were. In contrast, the maximum living abundance occurred in the top 25 m in cold eddies in the open seas and the abundance decreased with depth. We found that the inhibition effect of changing salinity(due to runoffs) on living radiolarians was much stronger than the promotion effect of mesoscale cold eddies. We observed that large variation of temperature was unfavorable for living radiolarians. The dominant species composition consisted of tropical-subtropical warm species. We identified some indicator species for tropical environments. Living Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus tetrathalamus could be an indicator for tropical surface water or mixed-layer water, and even for tropical oligotrophic water. Living Tetrapyle octacantha could be used to indicate tropical thermocline and eutrophic environment. Living Acanthodesmia vinculata could indicate tropical surface and subsurface waters. T. octacantha and A. vinculata should only be used as indicators for upwelling in the open seas, i.e., far away from river mouths. Living Siphonosphaera polysiphonia preferred to form colonies, which might be related to the effect of warm eddies. Living Cyrtopera laguncula and living Cornutella profunda occurred in the tropical upper layer, even in the surface layer, which suggests that they should not be used as indicators for intermediate and deep waters. | HU WeiFen ZHANG LanLan CHEN MuHong ZENG LiLi ZHOU WeiHua XIANG Rong ZHANG Qiang LIU ShiHao | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，2： | 4 |
| 12 | Distribution of diatoms in the water and surface sediments of southern South China Sea显示文摘The relationship of species and abundance between the diatoms in the water and sediments from the southern South China Sea (SCS)were discussed, and the key environmental controlling factors were also investigated. Studies show thathe diatom abundance is high in both water andsediments in the southeast part of the southern SCSand the varying trend is similar, while in the northwespart, the abundance is low, and the varying trend isdifferent. The dominant diatom species are Thalassionema nitzschioides and Nitzschia bicapitata inwater, and T. nitzschioides and Chaetoceros messanensis in sediments. The diatom species of smalsize and thin shell in water are more than in thesediments, while the diatom species of large size andthick shell in water are less. The percentage of species T. nitzschioides is higher in water of southeaspart than in that of northwest part, but it is similar insediments of both areas. It is shown that the southwest monsoon is the important factor influencingdiatom abundance and T. nitzschioides percentageand when the southwest monsoon is well developedthe distribution of diatom abundance and T. nitzschioides percentage are consistent in both water andsediments of the study area. | LU Jun CHEN Muhong CHEN Zhong | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，B12： | 3 |
| 13 | Radiolarian biostratigraphy in the Southern Bering Sea since Pliocene显示文摘Detailed radiolarian biostratigraphy in the Plio-Pleistocene was analyzed by using samples from IODP Site U1340 that was drilled to a core depth of 604 m in the southern Bering Sea.A total of 227 species belonging to 102 genera were identified.Based on the distributions of the radiolarian index species at Site U1340,five radiolarian zones since the Pliocene were established in the southern Bering Sea for the first time,and 25 radiolarian bioevents were recognized.Their ages were estimated on the basis of the age-depth plot that was constructed by the synthetical datum of the effective biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic events.The radiolarian zones at Site U1340 were systematically compared with those in its adjacent regions since the late Early Pliocene,which further improved and interpreted the biostratigraphic datum as well as their correlations in the middle-high latitude of the North Pacific.In addition,the comparative results of radiolarian zones show that Botryostrobus aquilonaris Zone emended in this paper is equivalent to the upper part of the same zone defined by Hays,1970,and Druppatractus irregularis-Dorydruppa bensoni Zone as well as Spongodiscus sp.Zone,newly proposed in this paper,are well correlated with Cycladophora sakaii Zone and Stylatractus universus Zone in the subarctic North Pacific,respectively. | ZHANG Qiang CHEN MuHong ZHANG LanLan WANG RuJian XIANG Rong HU WeiFen | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，4： | 3 |
| 14 | Radiolarian biogeography in surface sediments of the Northwest Pacific marginal seas显示文摘Overall abundance and species composition of radiolarian faunas were analyzed in surface sediment samples from representative areas of South China Sea,East China Sea,Sea of Japan,Sea of Okhotsk,Bering Sea,Philippine Sea,and the western boundary current regions of the NorthPacific,in order to understand the biogeographic distribution of radiolarians in the Northwest Pacific and explore its relationship with the main environmental factors and the North Pacific circulation.The results showed that radiolarians in the Northwest Pacific surface sediments can be divided into two large biogeographic provinces—cluster A and cluster B.Cluster A is characterized by the dominance of warm-water species and distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical seas with high radiolarian abundance and diversity;whereas cluster B is predominated by cold water species and distributed mainly in the Arctic and subarctic seas with comparably low abundance and diversity.Cluster A is further divided into five subclusters,Al to A5,which correspond to East China Sea,Philippine Sea,South China Sea,Sea of Japan,and Kuroshio Current,respectively;cluster B is divided into three subclusters,B1 to B3,which correspond to Sea of Okhotsk,Bering Sea,and subarctic gyre area,respectively.Based on the relationships between radiolarian faunas and major environment parameters in different biogeographic provinces,we suggest that the sea surface temperature(SST) and sea surface salinity(SSS) are primary factors that influence productivity,composition,and distribution pattern of the radiolarian fauna in the Northwest Pacific regions,while water depth is likely responsible for regional differences in the radiolarian fauna in each marginal sea.In addition,according to the distribution and abundance patterns of common radiolarian species in different areas,we identified five special radiolarian assemblages,which may be used as indicators for main Kuroshio Current,Kuroshio-East China Sea Branch,Kuroshio-South China Sea Branch,Tsushima Current,and Oyashio Current water masses. | LIU Ling ZHANG Qiang CHEN MuHong ZHANG LanLan XIANG Rong | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017，60，3： | 3 |
| 15 | Wind tunnel simulation experiment and investigation on the electrification of sandstorms显示文摘Electric discharge phenomenon is often observed during the passage of sandstorms over desert regions and sometimes does great damage to human beings. Based on previous researches on the electrification of sandstorms by the scholars both at home and aboard,the authors conducted the simulation experiments on the electric fields of sandstorm-triggered creeping-saltating sand, suspending sand and watered suspending sand in the large-scale wind tunnel. According to the experimental results the electric field structure and its formation mechanism were analysed and discussed, the quantity of electric charges and electric field strengthwere measured and calculated, and finally several conclusions were drawn. | QU Jianjun YAN Muhong DONG Guangrong ZHANG Hongfa ZU Ruiping TUO Wanquan ZHAO Aiguo XIAO Zhenghua LI Fang YANG Bao | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，6： | 2 |
| 16 | The genesis and environmental significance of red and black sedimentary interlay ers in coral reef of well Nanyong 2显示文摘The results of paleogeomagnetics and geo-chemistry of the coral reef in well Nanyong 2 of Nansha Is-lands showed that the bottom of the black sedimentary in-terlayer corresponds to the conversion boundary line be-tween Brunhes Postive Polarity and Matuyama Reversed Polarity (B/M) and the cold/warm (19/20) climatic conver-sion bounds on ()18O curve, 0.78 Ma ago; and the red sedi-mentary interlayer corresponds to the Reunion I polarity excursion (reversion) of the geomagnetic field, 2.01-2.04 Ma ago. Comparing with the normal light-coloured coral reef rock, the magnetic susceptibility (x), residual magnetization intensity (Mr) and the content of MnO and Fe2O3 of the black sedimentary layer appeared obviously positive ab-normity. The magnetic susceptibility (x), residual magnetiza-tion intensity (Mr) and the content of Fe2O3 of the red sedi-mentary layer also appeared positive abnormity. Combining with the analyzing results of paleontology, we hold that this pair of special and typical sedimentary | Wen Yan Xianzan Tan Zhong Chen Muhong Chen Senchang Gu | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，4： | 2 |
| 17 | Clay mineral assemblages at IODP Site U1340 in the Bering Sea and their paleoclimatic significance显示文摘在从在 Bering 海的 IODP 地点 1340 的沉积的克莱矿物质集合和 crystallinities 被分析以便跟踪沉积来源并且重建 Bering 海的 paleoclimatic 历史自从上新世最后 4.3 Myr。结果证明在地点 U1340 的泥土矿物质被 illite 统治,与绿土和绿泥石的中等数量,并且次要的 kaolinite。沉积来源研究建议在学习核心的泥土矿物质集合和他们的来源首先被气候条件控制。在温暖的时期期间,泥土矿物质主要从邻近的阿留申群岛之土人岛发源,并且 smectite/illite+chlorite 比率增加了。在冷时期期间,泥土矿物质首先从阿拉斯加人区域被导出,并且 smectite/illite+chlorite 比率减少了。把比率和泥土矿物质 crystallinities 基于 smectite/illite+chlorite,古气候的进化历史在 Bering 海被揭示。一般来说, Bering 海被温暖、湿的气候状况从 4.3 ~ 3.94 Myr,然后从 3.94 ~ 3.6 Myr 与提高的火山作用联系的冷、干燥的状况描绘。此后,气候逐渐地变得冷、湿,然后自从 2.74 Myr,被一个冷、干燥的条件统治,可能由北半球冻结成冰的增强导致了。从 1.95 ~ 1.07 Myr 的间隔是逐渐地变得冷、湿的气候的一个过渡时期。在中间的更新世以后转移 1.07 ~ 0.8 Myr, Bering 海主要被冷、湿的气候分别地在 0.42 妈 MIS 11, 0.33 妈 MIS 9 和 0.12 妈 MIS 5 与温暖的气候的几间隔管理。在最后 9.21 kyr 期间 Holocene, Bering 海首先被相对温暖、湿的气候的条件描绘。 | ZHANG Qiang CHEN MuHong LIU JianGuo YU ZhaoJie ZHANG LanLan XIANG Rong | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，5： | 2 |
| 18 | Pt nanocrystallines/TiO_2 with thickness-controlled carbon layers:Preparation and activities in CO oxidation显示文摘In this work, a series of Pt nanocrystallines(Pt NCs) supported on TiO_2 substrate with controlled thickness of carbon layers(C-Pt/TiO_2) were synthesized. Well-dispersed Pt NCs were facilely synthesized at room temperature by a photo-reduction process in lytropic liquid crystal(LCs). Surface tuning of the carbon layers on Pt/TiO_2 catalysts was achieved by varying the calcination atmospheres(in argon, air, and oxygen) and characterized by XPS and HRTEM. The influence of the coated carbon layers on the catalytic activity of catalysts is investigated by CO oxidation reaction which presented the following ranks: C-Pt/TiO_2-O_2> C-Pt/TiO_2-Air > C-Pt/TiO_2-Ar. It is found that the carbon layer coating can stabilize the Pt NCs and enable them anti-sintering at high temperature. This finding provides new insight into understanding the C-Pt/TiO_2 ternary system for tuning their catalytic performance. | Man Zhou Muhong Li Chujun Hou Zhongyu Li Yongzheng Wang Kun Xiang Xuefeng Guo | 2018 | Chinese Chemical Letters2018，29，6： | 2 |
| 19 | Distribution of polycystine radiolarians in the northern South China Sea in September 2005显示文摘 | ZHANG LANLAN CHEN MUHONG XIANG RONG | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Hypergame analysis of the Falkland Islands crisis 显示文摘 | Hipel K W Muhong W Fraser N M | 1988 | International Studies Quarterly1988，32，3： | 1 |
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