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| 1 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015,5,4: | 3 |
| 2 | Highly effi- cient somatic-mutation identification using Escherichia coli mismatch-repair detection 显示文摘 | PETERS B A KAN Z SEBISANOVIC D | 2007 | Nat Methods2007,4,: | 1 |
| 3 | Mutations in filamin 1 Prevent Migration of Cerebral Cortical Neurons in Human Periventricular Heterotopia显示文摘 | Jeremy W Fox Edward D Lamperti Yaman Z Ek?io?lu Susan E Hong Yuanyi Feng Donna A Graham Ingrid E Scheffer William B Dobyns Betsy A Hirsch Rodney A Radtke Samuel F Berkovic Peter R Huttenlocher Christopher A Walsh | 1998 | Neuron1998,,6: | 1 |
| 4 | Economic freedom and the quality of life:an empirical analysis显示文摘 | Alfredo G E Peter A Z | 1999 | Constitutional Political Economy1999,10,2: | 1 |
| 5 | A Diagnosis of the Explosive Development of Two Extratropical Cyclones显示文摘 | Lupo A R Phillip J S Peter Z | | 0,,08: | 1 |
| 6 | Meta-Analysis of Calcium Supplementation for the Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis显示文摘 | Beverley S George W Ann C Nicole Z Vivian R Lauren G Zulma O Joan P Jonathan A Peter T Gordon G | 2002 | Endocrine Reviews2002,23,4: | 1 |
| 7 | Carbon-carbon bond formation for biomass-derived furfurals and ketones by aldol condensation in a biphasic system显示文摘 | WEST R M LIU Z Y PETER M GARTNER C A DUMESIC J A | 2008 | J Mol Catal A2008,296,12: | 1 |
| 8 | Meta-Analysis of Raloxifene for the Prevention and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis显示文摘 | Ann C Peter T Nicole Z Vivian R Bruce W Jonathan A George W Beverley S Gordon G | 2002 | Endocrine Reviews2002,23,4: | 1 |
| 9 | Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Vitamin D Treatment in Preventing Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women显示文摘 | Emmanuel P George W Beverley S William G Bruce W Nicole Z Ann C Jonathan A Peter T Robert J Carol G Gordon G | 2002 | Endocrine Reviews2002,23,4: | 1 |
| 10 | The skeletal muscle satellite cell:the stem cell that came in from the cold显示文摘 | Peter S Z Terence A P Zipora Y R | | 0,,11: | 1 |
| 11 | Quinoxaline excision : a novel approach to tri-and diquinoxaline cavitands 显示文摘 | Peter P Gang Z Grace A | 2004 | Org Lett2004,6,: | 1 |
| 12 | Ash transformation during co-firing coal and straw 显示文摘 | ZHENG Y Z PETER A J ANKER D J | 2007 | Fuel2007,86,78: | 1 |
| 13 | The guide to community preventive services:what works to promote health? Task force on community preventive services显示文摘 | Stephanie Z Peter A B Kate WH | | 0,,05: | 1 |
| 14 | Cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate modulates retinal pigment epithelil cell migration in vitro显示文摘 | Hackett S friedman Z Peter A | 1986 | Arch Ophthalmol1986,104,: | 1 |
| 15 | Hydrogel control of xylemhydraulic resistance in plants显示文摘 | Maciej A Z Peter J M Holbrook N M | | ProQuest Biology Journals Science0,1291,: | 1 |
| 16 | The guide to community preventive services:what works to promote health? Task force on community preventive services显示文摘 | Stephanie Z Peter A B Kate W H | | 0,,05: | 1 |
| 17 | Meta-Analysis of Risedronate for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis显示文摘 | Ann C Peter T Jonathan A Bruce W Nicole Z Alexandra P Vivian R Beverley S George W Gordon G | 2002 | Endocrine Reviews2002,23,4: | 1 |
| 18 | Treatment of proximal tibia fractures using the Les Invasive Stabilization System 显示文摘 | Peter A C Michael Z L | 2004 | J Orthop Trauma2004,18,8: | 1 |
| 19 | A coupled analysisof experimental and theoretical results on the deformationand failure of composite laminates under a state of planestress 显示文摘 | Peter A Z Olga V L Ludmilla P T | 2002 | Composites Science and Technology2002,62,: | 1 |
| 20 | Rearrangements of the Cytoskeleton and Cell Contacts Induce Process Formation during Differentiation of Conditionally Immortalized Mouse Podocyte Cell Lines显示文摘 | Peter Mundel Jochen Reiser Aimée Zú?iga Mej??a Borja Hermann Pavenst?dt Gary R. Davidson Wilhelm Kriz Rolf Zeller | 1997 | Experimental Cell Research1997,,1: | 1 |