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| 1 | Liver fat content determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy显示文摘Hepatic steatosis as the most prevalent liver disorder can either be related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In both conditions, hepatocytes excessively accumulate fatcontaining vacuoles within their cytoplasm, which is the key histological feature. In contrast to ALD, NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. To determine increased liver fat content, liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard. Besides the invasive technique, various other non-invasive techniques have been developed, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based methods. Among these techniques, ultrasound and CT provide only qualitative information about hepatic steatosis, whereas MRS-or MRI-based methods are able to determine even small amounts of fat accurately. These non-invasive magnetic resonance techniques have already proven their great potential, especially in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies regarding various metabolic conditions and medical treatment regimens. In this review, the most common, non-invasive MRS/MRI techniques for assessment of intrahepatic lipid content are described with their inherent advantages and limitations. | Fabian Springer Jürgen Machann Claus D Claussen Fritz Schick Nina F Schwenzer | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，13： | 19 |
| 2 | Non-invasive assessment and quantification of liver steatosis by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance显示文摘 | Nina F. Schwenzer Fabian Springer Christina Schraml Norbert Stefan Jürgen Machann Fritz Schick | 2009 | Journal of Hepatology2009，，3： | 4 |
| 3 | High Hepatic SCD1 Activity Is Associated with Low Liver Fat Content in Healthy Subjects under a Lipogenic Diet显示文摘 | Günther Silbernagel Marketa Kovarova Alexander Cegan Jürgen Machann Fritz Schick Rainer Lehmann Hans-Ulrich H?ring Norbert Stefan Erwin Schleicher Andreas Fritsche Andreas Peter | 2012 | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism2012，，12： | 3 |
| 4 | Whole-body MRI at high field: technical limits and clinical potential显示文摘 | Fritz Schick | 2005 | European Radiology2005，，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Quantification of Pancreatic Lipomatosis and Liver Steatosis by MRI: Comparison of In/Opposed-Phase and Spectral-Spatial Excitation Techniques显示文摘 | Nina F. Schwenzer Jürgen Machann Petros Martirosian Norbert Stefan Christina Schraml Andreas Fritsche Claus D. Claussen Fritz Schick | 2008 | Investigative Radiology2008，，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Measurement of intracellular triglyceride stores by 1H spectroscopy: validation in vivo显示文摘 | Szczepaniak Lidia S Babcock Evelyn E Schick Fritz | 1999 | Am J Physiol1999，276，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Diagnosis of vascular rings and slings using an interleaved 3D double-slab FISP MR angiography technique显示文摘 | Gerald F. Greil Ulrich Kramer Florian Dammann Fritz Schick Stephan Miller Claus D. Claussen Ludger Sieverding | 2005 | Pediatric Radiology2005，，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Morphological, contrast-enhanced and spin labeling perfusion imaging for monitoring of relapse after RF ablation of renal cell carcinomas显示文摘 | Andreas Boss Petros Martirosian Christina Schraml Stephan Clasen Michael Fenchel Artistotelis Anastasiadis Claus D. Claussen Philippe L. Pereira Fritz Schick | 2006 | European Radiology2006，，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Highly resolved free-breathing magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the diagnostic workup of pancreaticobiliary diseases in infants and young children—initial experiences显示文摘 | Juergen F. Schaefer Hans-Joachim Kirschner Matthias Lichy Heinz P. Schlemmer Fritz Schick Claus D. Claussen Joerg Fuchs | 2006 | Journal of Pediatric Surgery2006，，10： | 1 |
| 10 | New synthesis of prostaglandin intermed 显示文摘 | Mahrwald Rainer Theil Fritz Schick Hans | 1987 | Synthesis1987，，11： | 1 |
| 11 | Non-invasive assessment and quantification of liver steatosis by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance显示文摘 | Nina F. Schwenzer Fabian Springer Christina Schraml Norbert Stefan Jürgen Machann Fritz Schick | 2009 | Journal of Hepatology2009，，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Solitary pulmonary nodules: Association between signal characteristics in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and tumor angiogenesis显示文摘 | Juergen F. Schaefer Vincent Schneider Joachim Vollmar Manfred Wehrmann Hermann Aebert Godehard Friedel Reinhard Vonthein Fritz Schick Claus D. Claussen | 2006 | Lung Cancer2006，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Liver: Apparent Diffusion Coefficients From Multiexponential Analysis of b Values Greater Than 50 s/mm2 Do Not Respond to Caloric Intake Despite Increased Portal-Venous Blood Flow显示文摘 | Shila Pazahr Daniel Nanz Cristina Rossi Natalie Chuck Ingo Stenger Moritz C. Wurnig Fritz Schick Andreas Boss | 2014 | Investigative Radiology2014，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of 4-week very-high-fructose/glucose diets on insulin sensitivity, visceral fat and intrahepatic lipids: an exploratory trial显示文摘 | Guenther Silbernagel Juergen Machann Susanne Unmuth Fritz Schick Norbert Stefan Hans U. H?ring Andreas Fritsche | 2011 | British Journal of Nutrition2011，，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Body Trunk Using a Single-Slab, 3-Dimensional, T2-weighted Turbo-Spin-Echo Sequence With High Sampling Efficiency (SPACE) for High Spatial Resolution Imaging: Initial Clinical Experiences显示文摘 | Matthias Philipp Lichy Beate M. Wietek John P. Mugler Wilhelm Horger Marion Irene Menzel Aristotelis Anastasiadis Katja Siegmann Thomas Niemeyer Arnulf K?nigsrainer Berthold Kiefer Fritz Schick Claus D. Claussen Heinz-Peter Schlemmer | 2005 | Investigative Radiology2005，，12： | 1 |
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