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| 1 | 全球生态系统服务与自然资本的价值估算显示文摘编者按:地球上的生态系统是一种复杂的生命支持系统,生态系统对人类的贡献,在生态学研究中经常用“社会效益和经济效益”来表述,是可以用经济价值来估算的。然而,由于其复杂性和不确定性,对这两个效益如何进行估价,一直是困扰生态学家和经济学家的重要问题。Cos... | Robert Costanza Ralph d'Arge Rudolf de Groot Stephen Farber Monica Grasso Bruce Hannon Karin Limburg Shahid Naeem Robert V.O'neill Jose Paruelo Robert G.Raskin Paul Sutton Marjan van den Belt 陶大立(译) | 1999 | 生态学杂志1999，18，2： | 38 |
| 2 | Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”显示文摘Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, S.aureus intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure. | Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，3： | 19 |
| 3 | 卒中相关性肺炎的诊断卒中肺炎共识小组的推荐意见显示文摘背景和目的下呼吸道感染常并发于卒中并对转归造成不利影响。对于并发于卒中的下呼吸道感染性疾病,目前尚无公认的专业术语或诊断金标准,这导致临床诊疗和研究受到影响。本共识旨在提出急性卒中并发下呼吸道感染的标准化术语和可操作性诊断标准。方法对多个文献数据库进行系统检索,经过证据回顾和2轮讨论,最后于2014年9月在英国曼彻斯特召开共识会议,经75%以上共识小组成员达成一致意见后形成共识。结果达成的共识如下:(1)推荐使用卒中相关性肺炎(stroke-associated pneumonia, SAP )作为卒中发病后7 d内发生的下呼吸道感染性疾病的专业术语。(2)提议对 SAP 使用经过改良的美国疾病控制预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC)诊断标准:①很可能的 SAP:符合 CDC 诊断标准,但复查或动态监测胸部 X 片仍缺乏典型改变;②确诊的 SAP:符合 CDC 诊断标准,且胸部 X 片有典型改变。(3)关于白细胞计数或 C反应蛋白在 SAP 诊断中的作用证据有限。(4)其他生物学标记物(如降钙素原)的证据不足。结论提议根据 CDC 诊断标准对 SAP 的术语和诊断制定可操作性的共识标准,需要在卒中患者中进行前瞻性研究来确定其信度、效度以及对医生行为(包括抗生素选择)和临床转归的影响。 | Craig J. Smith Amit K Kishore Andy Vail Angel Chamorro Javier Garau Stephen J. Hopkins Mario Di Napoli Lalit Kalra Peter Langhorne Joan Montaner Christine Roffe Anthony G. Rudd Pippa J. TyrreU Diederik van de Peek Mark Woodhead Andreas Meisel 范琳琳 宿英英 | 2016 | 国际脑血管病杂志2016，24，2： | 17 |
| 4 | Covalently closed-circular hepatitis B virus DNA reduction with entecavir or lamivudine显示文摘AIM: To investigate the reduction in hepatitis B virus(HBV) covalently closed-circular DNA(ccc DNA) with entecavir(ETV) or lamivudine(LAM). METHODS: This analysis included patients who had participated in the randomized Phase Ⅲ study ETV-022 comparing ETV vs LAM in nucleos(t)ide-naive, HBe Agpositive patients. Patients received ETV(0.5 mg daily) or LAM(100 mg daily) for a minimum of 52 wk. Patients were eligible to participate in this sub-study if they had paired biopsies at baseline and week 48 with evaluable measurements for hepatic HBV ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA. The main objective was to compare changes in hepatic HBV ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA at week 48 of ETV or LAM treatment, which was a secondary endpoint of study ETV-022. Additional post hoc analyses included linear regression analyses to assess associations of baseline levels and on-treatment changes of ccc DNA with other baseline factors [sex,age, serum HBV DNA, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Knodell necroinflammatory score, Ishak fibrosis score, total hepatic HBV DNA, and HBV genotype], or ontreatment factors(changes from baseline at week 48 in serum HBV DNA, ALT, Knodell necroinflammatory score, Ishak fibrosis score, total hepatic HBV DNA, and HBe Ag loss at week 48).RESULTS: Overall, 305 patients(ETV = 159; LAM = 146) of ETV-022 had paired baseline and week 48 liver biopsies with evaluable measurements for hepatic HBV ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA, and were included in this analysis. Baseline demographics and disease characteristics were comparable between the two arms. After 48 wk, ETV resulted in significantly greater reductions in hepatic HBV ccc DNA [-0.9 log10 copies/human genome equivalent(HGEq) vs-0.7 log10 copies/HGEq; P = 0.0033] and total hepatic DNA levels(-2.1 log10 copies/HGEq vs-1.6 log10 copies/HGEq; P < 0.0001) than LAM. Virologic, biochemical, and histologic response rates at week 48 were also greater with ETV than with LAM. Baseline HBV ccc DNA levels were positively associated with baseline levels of serum HBV DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA, and negatively associated with HBV genotype F. On-treatment changes in HBV ccc DNA levels were negatively associated with baseline levels of serum HBV DNA and baseline ALT, and were positively associated with on-treatment changes in the levels of serum HBV DNA, total hepatic HBV DNA levels, and ALT, change in Knodell necroinflammatory score, and HBe Ag loss.CONCLUSION: Forty-eight weeks of ETV resulted in greater reductions in ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA than LAM, but long-term therapy may be needed for ccc DNA elimination. | Scott Bowden Stephen Locarnini Ting-Tsung Chang You-Chen Chao Kwang-Hyub Han Robert G Gish Robert A de Man Miao Yu Cyril Llamoso Hong Tang | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，15： | 11 |
| 5 | N-terminal truncated RHT-1 proteins generated by translational reinitiation cause semi-dwarfing of wheat Green Revolution alleles显示文摘The unprecedented wheat yield increases during the Green Revolution were achieved through the introduc-tion of the Reduced height(Rht)-B1b and Rht-D1b semi-dwarfing alleles.These Rht-1 alleles encode growth-repressing DELLA genes containing a stop codon within their open reading frame that confers gibberellin(GA)-insensitive semi-dwarfism.In this study,we successfully took the hurdle of detecting wild-type RHT-1 proteins in different wheat organs and confirmed their degradation in response to GAs.We further demonstrated that Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b produce N-terminal truncated proteins through trans-lational reinitiation.Expression of these N-terminal truncated proteins in transgenic lines and in Rht-D1c,an allele containing multiple Rht-D1b copies,demonstrated their ability to cause strong dwarfism,resulting from their insensitivity to GA-mediated degradation.N-terminal truncated proteins were detected in spikes and nodes,but not in the aleurone layers.Since Rht-B 1b and Rht-D1b alleles cause dwarfism but have wild-type dormancy,this finding suggests that tissue-specific differences in translational reinitiation may explain why the Rht-1 alleles reduce plant height without affecting dormancy.Taken together,our findings not only reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the Green Revolution but also demonstrate that trans-lational reinitiation in the main open reading frame occurs in plants. | Karel Van De Velde Stephen GThomas Floor Heyse Rim Kaspar Dominique Van Der Straeten Antje Rohde | 2021 | Molecular Plant2021，14，4： | 8 |
| 6 | Treatment-related gastrointestinal toxicities and advanced colorectal or pancreatic cancer:A critical update显示文摘Gastrointestinal toxicities(GIT), including oral mucositis,nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea, are common side effects of chemotherapy and targeted agents in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer. Being often underreported, it is still difficult to precisely establish their burden in terms of both patient's quality of life and cancer care costs. Moreover, with the use of more intensive upfront combination regimens, the frequency of these toxicities is rapidly growing with a potential negative effect also on patient's outcome, as a result of dose reductions, delays or even discontinuation of active treatments. Thus, identifying patients at higher risk of developing GIT as well as an optimal management are paramount in order to improve patient's compliance and outcome. After the description of the main treatment-induced GIT, we discuss the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of these side effects and comment the scales commonly used to assess and grade them. We then provide a critical update on GIT incidence based on the results of key randomized trials conducted in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and advanced pancreatic cancer. | Giuseppe Aprile Karim Rihawi Elisa De Carlo Stephen T Sonis | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，41： | 7 |
| 7 | Current concepts in the immunohistochemical evaluation of liver tumors显示文摘Immunohistochemistry often plays an important role in the evaluation of liver tumors. Recent advances have established a classification system for hepatocellular adenomas(HCAs) based on morphology,molecular alterations,and immunohistochemistry. Specifically,loss of liver fatty acid binding protein is seen in HNF1α-inactivated HCA,staining with serum amyloid A isseen in inflammatory HCA,and diffuse staining with glutamine synthetase(GS) is seen in β-catenin activated HCA. A panel of immunohistochemical stains including glypican-3(GPC-3),heat shock protein 70,and GS are useful in distinguishing HCC from non-malignant dysplastic nodules. Immunohistochemistry is also useful to determine whether a liver tumor is of primary hepatocellular or metastatic origin. Recently described markers useful for this purpose include arginase-1,GPC-3,and bile salt export pump. These newer markers may offer superior utility when compared to traditional markers of hepatocellular differentiation such as alpha-fetoprotein,hepatocyte paraffin-1,polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen,and CD10. This paper will review recent advances in the immunohistochemical evaluation of liver tumors. | Anne K Koehne de Gonzalez Marcela A Salomao Stephen M Lagana | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，10： | 6 |
| 8 | Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016): a multicentre, randomised trial显示文摘 | David Sebag-Montefiore Richard J Stephens Robert Steele John Monson Robert Grieve Subhash Khanna Phil Quirke Jean Couture Catherine de Metz Arthur Sun Myint Eric Bessell Gareth Griffiths Lindsay C Thompson Mahesh Parmar | 2009 | The Lancet2009，，9666： | 5 |
| 9 | The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital显示文摘 | Robert Costanza Ralph d’Arge Rudolf de Groot Stephen Farber Monica Grasso Bruce Hannon Karin Limburg Shahid Naeem Robert V. O’Neill Jose Paruelo Robert G. Raskin Paul Sutton Marjan van den Belt | 1998 | Ecological Economics1998，，1： | 4 |
| 10 | Activated mast cells in proximity to colonic nerves correlate with abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘 | Giovanni Barbara Vincenzo Stanghellini Roberto De Giorgio Cesare Cremon Graeme S. Cottrell Donatella Santini Gianandrea Pasquinelli Antonio M. Morselli-Labate Eileen F. Grady Nigel W. Bunnett Stephen M. Collins Roberto Corinaldesi | 2004 | Gastroenterology2004，，3： | 3 |
| 11 | Impact of enclosure management on soil properties and microbial biomass in a restored semi-arid rangeland, Kenya显示文摘Rangeland degradation is a serious problem throughout sub-Saharan Africa and its restoration is a challenge for the management of arid and semi-arid areas. In Lake Baringo Basin of Kenya, communities and individual farmers are restoring indigenous vegetation inside enclosures in an effort to combat severe land degradation and address their livelihood problems. This study evaluated the impact of enclosure management on soil properties and microbial biomass, being key indicators of soil ecosystem health. Six reseeded communal enclosures using soil embankments as water-harvesting structures and strictly regulated access were selected, varying in age from 13 to 23 years. In six private enclosures, ranging from 3 to 17 years in age, individual farmers emulated the communal enclosure strategy and restored areas for their exclusive use. Significant decreases in bulk density, and increases in the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and microbial biomass contents and stocks were found in the enclosures as compared with the degraded open rangeland. In the private enclosures, the impact of rehabilitation on the soil quality was variable, and soil quality was in general lower than that obtained under communal management. The significant increase of absolute stocks of carbon, nitrogen and microbial biomass compared to the degraded open rangeland indicates the potential for the restoration of soil quality through range rehabilitation. Over-sowing with indigenous legume fodder species could improve total nitrogen content in the soil and nutritional value of the pastures as well. | Stephen M MUREITHI Ann VERDOODT Charles KK GACHENE Jesse T NJOKA Vivian O WASONGA Stefaan De NEVE Elizabeth MEYERHOFF Eric Van RANST | 2014 | Journal of Arid Land2014，6，5： | 3 |
| 12 | Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016): a multicentre, randomised trial显示文摘 | David Sebag-Montefiore Richard J Stephens Robert Steele John Monson Robert Grieve Subhash Khanna Phil Quirke Jean Couture Catherine de Metz Arthur Sun Myint Eric Bessell Gareth Griffiths Lindsay C Thompson Mahesh Parmar | 2009 | The Lancet2009，，9666： | 3 |
| 13 | Bevacizumab plus oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer (AVANT): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Aimery de Gramont Eric Van Cutsem Hans-Joachim Schmoll Josep Tabernero Stephen Clarke Malcolm J Moore David Cunningham Thomas H Cartwright J Randolph Hecht Fernando Rivera Seock-Ah Im Gy?rgy Bodoky Ramon Salazar Frédérique Maindrault-Goebel Einat Shacham- | 2012 | Lancet Oncology2012，，12： | 3 |
| 14 | Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016): a multicentre, randomised trial显示文摘 | David Sebag-Montefiore Richard J Stephens Robert Steele John Monson Robert Grieve Subhash Khanna Phil Quirke Jean Couture Catherine de Metz Arthur Sun Myint Eric Bessell Gareth Griffiths Lindsay C Thompson Mahesh Parmar | 2009 | The Lancet . 2009 (9666)2009，，9666： | 3 |
| 15 | 4号染色体短臂微卫星多态性与鼻咽癌相关性的研究显示文摘鼻咽癌(NPC)是一种多因素复杂疾病。其发病过程涉及EB病毒慢性感染、环境致癌因素及宿主基因之间的相互作用。在这一过程中,那些宿主基因在EB病毒感染及鼻咽癌的发生发展中起了关键作用仍不清楚。本研究的目的是发现与鼻咽癌发生发展中两个关键步骤相关的遗传变异,即EB病毒持续性感染鼻咽部上皮细胞和鼻咽癌的形成。我们在广西梧州市及苍梧县鼻咽癌高发区收集汉族鼻咽癌患者350例、EB病毒壳抗原IgA抗体阳性者(IgA/VCA+)288例和EB病毒壳抗原IgA抗体阴性者(IgA/VCA—)346例。对先前鼻咽癌家系研究显示的鼻咽癌易感区4号染色体短臂(4p15.1~q12)进行了微卫星精细扫描,在18Mb的范围内选择34个微卫星标记,包括319个等位基因,对其进行基因分型。比较分析NPC组和IgA/VCA+组等位基因频率结果显示,9个等位基因与鼻咽癌呈相关,其中5个为易感等位基因(OR=1.51~5.36,P=0.01~0.03),4个为限制性等位基因(OR值为0.3~0.71,P值为0.02~0.045)。比较分析IgA/VCA+组和IgA/VCA-组及比较所有IgA/VCA+者(包括NPC患者)和IgA/VCA-者等位基因频率的结果显示,12个等位基因与EB病毒壳抗原IgA抗体持续存在相关,其中3个在两组比较中均呈显著相关。等位基因D4S3241~136(P=0.004,OR=1.9,95%CI=1.2~3.0)和D4S3347-213(P=0.001,OR=1.6,95%CI=1.2~2.1)可增加EB病毒IgA/VCA抗体形成的危险,为易感基因;而等位基因D4S174.202(P=0.001,OR=0.5,95%CI=0.3~0.7)可限制IgA/VCA抗体的形成。但上述结果经多因素比较校正后,均失去相关性。结果不能确定该区域与非家族性鼻咽癌的形成相关,但本研究却提供了进一步发现鼻咽癌相关基因的研究模式。有关4号染色体短臂与EB病毒慢性持续感染及鼻咽癌的形成仍值得进一步深入研究。 | 郭秀婵 O’BRIEN Stephen J WINKLER Cheryl SCOTT Kevin HUTCHESON Holli DAVID Victor KESSING Bailey 郑裕明 廖建 刘彦 GUY de The 曾毅 | 2006 | 遗传2006，28，7： | 2 |
| 16 | New Strigolactone Analogs as Plant Hormones with Low Activities in the Rhizosphere显示文摘Strigolactones (SL ) 为建立共生 andparasitic 相互作用不仅作为植物荷尔蒙,而且作为根围信号被知道。新特定的 SL 类似物的设计是在理解基本植物 biologyand 也是有用的没有赞成寄生植物的开发,控制植物体系结构的一个挑战性的目标。二个不同分子(23 (3-methyl-GR24 ) , 31 (thia-3-methyl-debranone-like 分子)) 已经描述了,并且新的(AR36 ) 它 thesynthesis 被介绍,生物学上与著名 GR24 和最近识别的 CISA-1 相比。这些 differentstructures 强调部分的宽范围属于作为植物荷尔蒙为 bioactivity 搀。这些新 compoundspossess 一个普通 dimethylbutenolide 主题但是他们的结构在分子的 ABC 部分变化:, 23 有象 GR24 的一样的 ABCpart 31 并且 AR36 分别地,带一枚芳香的戒指和非循环的碳链。为在 strigolactone 合成或在感觉异种的如此的衍生物的 bioactivity 的详细信息 isgiven 种(豌豆 rms1 和 rms4, Arabidopsis max2 并且, max4 )为与他们在 arbuscular mycorrhizal 上的根围的行动一起的不同神经质的功能菌丝的生长 andparasitic 杂草 germination.Key 词: | Francois-Didier Boyer Alexandre de Saint Germain Jean-Bernard Pouvreau Guillaume Clave Jean-Paul Pillot Amelie Roux Amanda Rasmussen Stephen Depuydt Dominique Lauresserguesh Nicolas Frei dit Frey Thomas S.A. Heugebaert Christian V. Stevens Danny Geelen Sofie Goormachtig Catherine Rameau | 2014 | Molecular Plant2014，7，4： | 2 |
| 17 | Results of Modified Latarjet Reconstruction in Patients With Anteroinferior Instability and Significant Bone Loss显示文摘 | Stephen S. Burkhart Joe F. De Beer Johannes R.H. Barth Tim Criswell Chris Roberts David P. Richards | 2007 | Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery2007，，10： | 2 |
| 18 | ACCF 2012 Expert Consensus Document on Practical Clinical Considerations in the Interpretation of Troponin Elevations显示文摘 | L. Kristin Newby Robert L. Jesse Joseph D. Babb Robert H. Christenson Thomas M. De Fer George A. Diamond Francis M. Fesmire Stephen A. Geraci Bernard J. Gersh Greg C. Larsen Sanjay Kaul Charles R. McKay George J. Philippides William S. Weintraub | 2012 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2012，，23： | 2 |
| 19 | The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital显示文摘 | Robert Costanza Ralph d'Arge Rudolf de Groot Stephen Farber Monica Grasso Bruce Hannon Karin Limburg Shahid Naeem Robert V. O'Neill Jose Paruelo Robert G. Raskin Paul Sutton Marjan van den Belt | 1998 | Ecological Economics1998，，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Traumatic glenohumeral bone defects and their relationship to failure of arthroscopic Bankart repairs显示文摘 | Stephen S. Burkhart Joe F. De Beer | 2000 | Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery2000，，7： | 2 |
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