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| 1 | Generation of B Cell-Deficient Pigs by Highly Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Targeting显示文摘Generating B cell-deficient mutant is the first step to produce human antibody repertoires in large animal models. In this study, we applied the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated(Cas) system to target the JHregion of the pig Ig M heavy chain gene which is crucial for B cell development and differentiation. Transfection of Ig M-targeting Cas9 plasmid in primary porcine fetal fibroblasts(PFFs) enabled inducing gene knock out(KO) in up to 53.3% of colonies analyzed, a quarter of which harbored biallelic modification, which was much higher than that of the traditional homologous recombination(HR). With the aid of somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) technology, three piglets with the biallelic Ig M heavy chain gene mutation were produced. The piglets showed no antibody-producing B cells which indicated that the biallelic mutation of the Ig M heavy chain gene effectively knocked out the function of the Ig M and resulted in a B cell-deficient phenotype. Our study suggests that the CRISPR/Cas9 system combined with SCNT technology is an efficient genome-editing approach in pigs. | Fengjiao Chen Ying Wang Yilin Yuan Wei Zhang Zijian Ren Yong Jin Xiaorui Liu Qiang Xiong Qin Chen Manling Zhang Xiaokang Li Lihua Zhao Ze Li Zhaoqiang Wu Yanfei Zhang Feifei Hu Juan Huang Rongfeng Li Yifan Dai | 2015 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2015，42，8： | 15 |
| 2 | Toward a research framework to conceptualize data as a factor of production:The data marketplace perspective显示文摘The widespread use of machine learning techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms has highlighted the strategic role of data.To acquire data for training algorithms and eventually empowering the digital transformation,data marketplaces are often required to support and coordinate cross-organizational data transactions.However,the prior industry practices have suggested that the transaction costs in the data marketplaces are severely high,and the supporting infrastructure is far from mature.This paper proposes a data attributes-affected data exchange(DADE)conceptual model to understand the challenges and directions for developing data marketplaces.Specifically,our model framework is built upon two dimensions,data lifecycle maturity and data asset specificity.Based on the DADE model,we propose four approaches for developing data marketplaces and discuss future research directions with an overview of computational methods as potential technical solutions. | Lihua Huang Yifan Dou Yezheng Liu Jinzhao Wang Gang Chen Xiaoyang Zhang Runyin Wang | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，5： | 11 |
| 3 | Identifying Influencing Factors for Data Transactions:A Case Study from Shanghai Data Exchange显示文摘In the age of artificial intelligence,firms'internal data are increasingly valuable when merged with each other for inter-firm analysis and predictions.However,the inter-firm data transactions represent a novel challenge on pricing due to the complex nature of data,such as quality information asymmetry,lack of pricing standards,and the negligible marginal cost.This paper conducts a case study at Shanghai Data Exchange to explore the factors that can facilitate the data transactions between buyers and providers.We use interview transcripts from 18 participating firms to construct our three theoretical dimensions:increasing the perceived value,mitigating the cost,and improving the market design.We then browse through 18 factors to assess their value for further improvements.The managerial implications are also discussed. | Qifeng Tang Zhiqing Shao Lihua Huang Wenyi Yin Yifan Dou | 2020 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2020，29，6： | 9 |
| 4 | The gut microbial metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via mitigation of macrophage pro-inflammatory activity in mice显示文摘Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury(HIRI) is a serious complication that occurs following shock and/or liver surgery. Gut microbiota and their metabolites are key upstream modulators of development of liver injury. Herein, we investigated the potential contribution of gut microbes to HIRI.Ischemia/reperfusion surgery was performed to establish a murine model of HIRI. 16 S r RNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used for microbial analysis. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis were employed to study the host cell responses. Our results establish HIRI was significantly increased when surgery occurred in the evening(ZT12, 20:00) when compared with the morning(ZT0, 08:00);however, antibiotic pretreatment reduced this diurnal variation. The abundance of a microbial metabolite3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid was significantly higher in ZT0 when compared with ZT12 in the gut and this compound significantly protected mice against HIRI. Furthermore, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid suppressed the macrophage pro-inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. This metabolite inhibits histone deacetylase activity by reducing its phosphorylation. Histone deacetylase inhibition suppressed macrophage pro-inflammatory activation and diminished the diurnal variation of HIRI. Our findings revealed a novel protective microbial metabolite against HIRI in mice. The potential underlying mechanism was at least in part, via 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid-dependent immune regulation and histone deacetylase(HDAC) inhibition in macrophages. | Rui Li Li Xie Lei Li Xiaojiao Chen Tong Yao Yuanxin Tian Qingping Li Kai Wang Chenyang Huang Cui Li Yifan Li Hongwei Zhou Neil Kaplowitz Yong Jiang Peng Chen | 2022 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2022，12，1： | 8 |
| 5 | Gene editing and its applications in biomedicine显示文摘The steady progress in genome editing, especially genome editing based on the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR) and programmable nucleases to make precise modifications to genetic material, has provided enormous opportunities to advance biomedical research and promote human health. The application of these technologies in basic biomedical research has yielded significant advances in identifying and studying key molecular targets relevant to human diseases and their treatment. The clinical translation of genome editing techniques offers unprecedented biomedical engineering capabilities in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disease or disability. Here, we provide a general summary of emerging biomedical applications of genome editing, including open challenges. We also summarize the tools of genome editing and the insights derived from their applications, hoping to accelerate new discoveries and therapies in biomedicine. | Guanglei Li Xiangyang Li Songkuan Zhuang Liren Wang Yifan Zhu Yangcan Chen Wen Sun Zeguang Wu Zhuo Zhou Jia Chen Xingxu Huang Jin Wang Dali Li Wei Li Haoyi Wang Wensheng Wei | 2022 | Science China(Life Sciences)2022，65，4： | 8 |
| 6 | Interferon-armed RBD dimer enhances the immunogenicity of RBD for sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2显示文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has caused a global crisis,urgently necessitating the development of safe,efficacious,convenient-to-store,and low-cost vaccine options.A major challenge is that the receptor-binding domain(RBD)-only vaccine fails to trigger long-lasting protective immunity if used alone for vaccination. | Shiyu Sun Yueqi Cai Tian-Zhang Song Yang Pu Lin Cheng Hairong Xu Jing Sun Chaoyang Meng Yifan Lin Haibin Huang Fang Zhao Silin Zhang Yu Gao Jian-Bao Han Xiao-Li Feng Dan-Dan Yu Yalan Zhu Pu Gao Haidong Tang Jincun Zhao Zheng Zhang Jiaming Yang Zhenxiang Hu Yang-Xin Fu Yong-Tang Zheng Hua Peng | 2021 | Cell Research2021，31，9： | 7 |
| 7 | Vertically Aligned Silicon Carbide Nanowires/Boron Nitride Cellulose Aerogel Networks Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Electromagnetic Absorbing of Epoxy Composites显示文摘With the innovation of microelectronics technology, the heat dissipation problem inside the device will face a severe test. In this work, cellulose aerogel(CA) with highly enhanced thermal conductivity(TC) in vertical planes was successfully obtained by constructing a vertically aligned silicon carbide nanowires(SiC NWs)/boron nitride(BN) network via the ice template-assisted strategy. The unique network structure of SiC NWs connected to BN ensures that the TC of the composite in the vertical direction reaches 2.21 W m^(-1) K^(-1) at a low hybrid filler loading of 16.69 wt%, which was increased by 890% compared to pure epoxy(EP). In addition, relying on unique porous network structure of CA, EP-based composite also showed higher TC than other comparative samples in the horizontal direction. Meanwhile, the composite exhibits good electrically insulating with a volume electrical resistivity about 2.35 × 10^(11) Ω cm and displays excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of-21.5 dB and a wide effective absorption bandwidth(<-10 dB) from 8.8 to 11.6 GHz. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy for manufacturing polymer-based composites with excellent multifunctional performances in microelectronic packaging applications. | Duo Pan Gui Yang Hala MAbo-Dief Jingwen Dong Fengmei Su Chuntai Liu Yifan Li Ben Bin Xu Vignesh Murugadoss Nithesh Naik Salah MEl-Bahy Zeinhom MEl-Bahy Minan Huang Zhanhu Guo | 2022 | Nano-Micro Letters2022，14，7： | 7 |
| 8 | Erratum to: Sn^(4+) precursor enables 12.4% efficient kesterite solar cell from DMSO solution with open circuit voltage deficit below 0.30 V (vol 64, issue 1, page 52, 2021)显示文摘In the version of the article originally published in volume 64,issue 1,2021 of Sci China Mater(2021,64(1):52–60,http://gffzzd3cc09b8251d45dfsqqbb9bv0qpvu6pbq.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/10.1007/s40843-020-1408-x),the chemical formula of Sn(DMSO)_(4)Cl_(4)(page 54,8^(th) line in the left column;page 56,4^(th) and 6^(th) lines from the bottom of left column and in Equations(6 and 7)in the right column)was miswritten.The correct formula should be as below:SN(DMSO)_(2)CL_(4). | Yuancai Gong Yifan Zhang Erin Jedlicka Rajiv Giridharagopal James A.Clark Weibo Yan Chuanyou Niu Ruichan Qiu Jingjing Jiang Shaotang Yu Sanping Wu Hugh W.Hillhouse David S.Ginger Wei Huang Hao Xin | 2021 | Science China Materials2021，64，5： | 7 |
| 9 | Ofloxacin loaded M0S2 nanoflakes for synergistic mild-temperature photothermal/antibiotic therapy with reduced drug resistance of bacteria显示文摘Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health, which can lead to the decrease of the effectiveness ofantibiotics. The combination therapy of antibiotic and mild temperature photothermal therapy (PTT) is adopted to address this issue inthis work. An antibiotic-loaded nanoplatform is fabricated based on two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (M0S2) nanoflakesas effective near-infrared (NIR) photothermal agent. The M0S2 nanoflakes is modified with positively charged quaternized chitosan(QCS) to improve the dispersion stability and enhance the interaction between M0S2 nanoflakes and bacterial membrane. TheQCS modified M0S2 nanoflakes (QCS-M0S2) is expected to adhere onto the membrane of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) and depolarize the bacterial membrane by local hyperthermia under NIR irradiation. A first-line antibiotic, ofloxacin(OFLX), can be loaded onto QCS-M0S2 by π-π stacking and hydrophobic interaction. Due to the combined antibiotic-photothermaltherapy, superior bactericidal ability was achieved at mild temperature (45℃) and low antibiotic concentration. Such synergisticmild-temperature photothermal/antibiotic therapy can not only avoid the damage to neighboring tissue by PTT, but also reduce thedevelopment of drug resistance, providing an innovative way for the treatment of bacterial infections. | Yue Huang Qiang Gao Xu Li Yifan Gao Haijie Han Qiao Jin Ke Yao Jian Ji | 2020 | Nano Research2020，13，9： | 7 |
| 10 | Transformers in computational visual media:A survey显示文摘Transformers,the dominant architecture for natural language processing,have also recently attracted much attention from computational visual media researchers due to their capacity for long-range representation and high performance.Transformers are sequence-to-sequence models,which use a selfattention mechanism rather than the RNN sequential structure.Thus,such models can be trained in parallel and can represent global information.This study comprehensively surveys recent visual transformer works.We categorize them according to task scenario:backbone design,high-level vision,low-level vision and generation,and multimodal learning.Their key ideas are also analyzed.Differing from previous surveys,we mainly focus on visual transformer methods in low-level vision and generation.The latest works on backbone design are also reviewed in detail.For ease of understanding,we precisely describe the main contributions of the latest works in the form of tables.As well as giving quantitative comparisons,we also present image results for low-level vision and generation tasks.Computational costs and source code links for various important works are also given in this survey to assist further development. | Yifan Xu Huapeng Wei Minxuan Lin Yingying Deng Kekai Sheng Mengdan Zhang Fan Tang Weiming Dong Feiyue Huang Changsheng Xu | 2022 | Computational Visual Media2022，8，1： | 6 |
| 11 | Effective methods for isolation and purification of extracellular vesicles from plants显示文摘Plant extracellular vesicles(EVs)play critical roles in the cross-kingdom trafficking of molecules from hosts to interacting microbes,most notably in plant defense responses.However,the isolation of pure,intact EVs from plants remains challenging.A variety of methods have been utilized to isolate plant EVs from apoplastic washing fluid(AWF).Here,we compare published plant EV isolation methods,and provide our recommended method for the isolation and purification of plant EVs.This method includes a detailed protocol for clean AWF collection from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves,followed by EV isolation via differential centrifugation.To further separate and purify specific subclasses of EVs from heterogeneous vesicle populations,density gradient ultracentrifugation and immunoaffinity capture are then utilized.We found that immunoaffinity capture is the most precise method for specific EV subclass isolation when suitable specific EV biomarkers and their corresponding antibodies are available.Overall,this study provides a guide for the selection and optimization of EV isolation methods for desired downstream applications. | Yifan Huang Shumei Wang Qiang Cai Hailing Jin | 2021 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2021，63，12： | 5 |
| 12 | High-Q microresonators on 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator platform for nonlinear photonics显示文摘The realization of high-quality(Q)resonators regardless of the underpinning material platforms has been a ceaseless pursuit,because the high-Q resonators provide an extreme environment for confining light to enable observations of many nonlinear optical phenomenon with high efficiencies.Here,photonic microresonators with a mean Q factor of 6.75×10^(6)were demonstrated on a 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator(4H-SiCOI)platform,as determined by a statistical analysis of tens of resonances.Using these devices,broadband frequency conversions,including second-,third-,and fourth-harmonic generations have been observed.Cascaded Raman lasing has also been demonstrated in our SiC microresonator for the first time,to the best of our knowledge.Meanwhile,by engineering the dispersion properties of the SiC microresonator,we have achieved broadband Kerr frequency combs covering from 1300 to 1700nm.Our demonstration represents a significant milestone in the development of SiC photonic integrated devices. | Chengli Wang Zhiwei Fang Ailun Yi Bingcheng Yang Zhe Wang Liping Zhou Chen Shen Yifan Zhu Yuan Zhou Rui Bao Zhongxu Li Yang Chen Kai Huang Jiaxiang Zhang Ya Cheng Xin Ou | 2021 | Light(Science & Applications)2021，10，8： | 4 |
| 13 | Joint Trajectory and Passive Beamforming Optimization in IRS-UAV Enhanced Anti-Jamming Communication Networks显示文摘This paper investigates the anti-jamming communication scenario where an intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)is mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)to resist the malicious jamming attacks.Different from existing works,we consider the dynamic deployment of IRS-UAV in the environment of the mobile user and unknown jammer.Therefore,a joint trajectory and passive beamforming optimization approach is proposed in the IRS-UAV enhanced networks.In detail,the optimization problem is firstly formulated into a Markov decision process(MDP).Then,a dueling double deep Q networks multi-step learning algorithm is proposed to tackle the complex and coupling decision-making problem.Finally,simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the anti-jamming communication performance of the mobile user. | Zhifeng Hou Jin Chen Yuzhen Huang Yijie Luo Ximing Wang Jiangchun Gu Yifan Xu Kailing Yao | 2022 | China Communications2022，19，5： | 4 |
| 14 | PDCD5 regulates iNKT cell terminal maturation and iNKT1 fate decision显示文摘Invariant natural killer T1(iNKT1)cells are characterized by the preferential expression of T-box transcription factor T-bet(encoded by Tbx21)and the production of cytokine IFN-γ,but the relationship between the developmental process and iNKT1 lineage diversification in the thymus remains elusive.We report in the present study a crucial role of programmed cell death 5(PDCD5)in iNKT cell terminal maturation and iNKT1 fate determination.Mice with T cell-specific deletion of PDCD5 had decreased numbers of thymic and peripheral iNKT cells with a predominantly immature phenotype and defects in response toα-galactosylceramide.Loss of PDCD5 also selectively abolished the iNKT1 lineage by reducing T-bet expression in iNKT cells at an early thymic developmental stage(before CD44 upregulation).We further demonstrated that TOX2,one of the high mobility group proteins that was highly expressed in iNKT cells at stage 1 and could be stabilized by PDCD5,promoted the permissive histone H3K4me3 modification in the promoter region of Tbx21.These data indicate a pivotal and unique role of PDCD5/TOX2 in iNKT1 lineage determination.They also suggest that the fate of iNKT1 may be programmed at the developmental stage of iNKT cells in the thymus. | Ke Wang Xinwei Zhang Yifan Wang Gaowen Jin Mingyang Li Shusong Zhang Jie Hao Rong Jin Xiaojun Huang Hounan Wu Jun Zhang Yingyu Chen Qing Ge | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，9： | 4 |
| 15 | Finite-Time Consensus of a Leader-Following Multi-Agent Network with Non-Identical Nonlinear Dynamics and Time-Varying Topologies显示文摘In this paper, the finite-time consensus of a leader-following multi-agent network with non-identical nonlinear dynamics and time-varying topologies is investigated. All the agents, especially the leaders, have non-identical and nonlinear dynamics. According to the algebraic graph theory, Lyapunov stability theory and Kronecker product, a control strategy strategy is established to guarantee the finite-time consensus of multi-agent network with multiple leaders. Furthermore, several numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. | YU Le TU Lilan HUANG Yifan | 2016 | Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences2016，21，5： | 4 |
| 16 | Liquid Metal-Based Epidermal Flexible Sensor for Wireless Breath Monitoring and Diagnosis Enabled by Highly Sensitive SnS2 Nanosheets显示文摘Real-time wireless respiratory monitoring and biomarker analysis provide an attractive vision for noninvasive telemedicine such as the timely prevention of respiratory arrest or for early diagnoses of chronic diseases.Lightweight,wearable respiratory sensors are in high demand as they meet the requirement of portability in digital healthcare management.Meanwhile,high-performance sensing material plays a crucial role for the precise sensing of specific markers in exhaled air,which represents a complex and rather humid environment.Here,we present a liquid metal-based flexible electrode coupled with SnS_(2)nanomaterials as a wearable gas-sensing device,with added Bluetooth capabilities for remote respiratory monitoring and diagnoses.The flexible epidermal device exhibits superior skin compatibility and high responsiveness(1092%/ppm),ultralow detection limits(1.32 ppb),and a good selectivity of NO gas at ppb-level concentrations.Taking advantage of the fast recovery kinetics of SnS_(2)responding to H_(2)O molecules,it is possible to accurately distinguish between different respiratory patterns based on the amount of water vapor in the exhaled air.Furthermore,based on the different redox types of H_(2)O and NO molecules,the electric signal is reversed once the exhaled NO concentration exceeds a certain threshold that may indicate the onset of conditions like asthma,thus providing an early warning system for potential lung diseases.Finally,by integrating the wearable device into a wireless cloud-based multichannel interface,we provide a proof-of-concept that our device could be used for the simultaneous remote monitoring of several patients with respiratory diseases,a crucial field in future digital healthcare management. | Yifan Huang Fan Yang Sanhu Liu Rongguo Wang Jinhong Guo Xing Ma | 2021 | Research2021，，1： | 4 |
| 17 | Identification of HSC/MPP expansion units in fetal liver by single-cell spatiotemporal transcriptomics显示文摘Limited knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying hematopoietic stem cell and multipotent progenitor(HSC/MPP)expansion within their native niche has impeded the application of stem cell-based therapies for hematological malignancies.Here,we constructed a spatiotemporal transcriptome map of mouse fetal liver(FL)as a platform for hypothesis generation and subsequent experimental validation of novel regulatory mechanisms.Single-cell transcriptomics revealed three transcriptionally heterogeneous HSC/MPP subsets,among which a CD93-enriched subset exhibited enhanced stem cell properties.Moreover,by employing integrative analysis of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics,we identified novel HSC/MPP‘pocket-like’units(HSC PLUS),composed of niche cells(hepatoblasts,stromal cells,endothelial cells,and macrophages)and enriched with growth factors.Unexpectedly,macrophages showed an 11-fold enrichment in the HSC PLUS.Functionally,macrophage-HSC/MPP co-culture assay and candidate molecule testing,respectively,validated the supportive role of macrophages and growth factors(MDK,PTN,and IGFBP5)in HSC/MPP expansion.Finally,cross-species analysis and functional validation showed conserved cell-cell interactions and expansion mechanisms but divergent transcriptome signatures between mouse and human FL HSCs/MPPs.Taken together,these results provide an essential resource for understanding HSC/MPP development in FL,and novel insight into functional HSC/MPP expansion ex vivo. | Suwei Gao Qiang Shi Yifan Zhang Guixian Liang Zhixin Kang Baofeng Huang Dongyuan Ma Lu Wang Jianwei Jiao Xiangdong Fang Cheng-Ran Xu Longqi Liu Xun Xu Berthold Gottgens Cheng Li Feng Liu | 2022 | Cell Research2022，32，1： | 4 |
| 18 | A wave of Foxp3^(+) regulatory T cell accumulation in the neonatal liver plays unique roles in maintaining self-tolerance显示文摘Newborn animals require tightly regulated local and systemic immune environments to govern the development and maturation of multiple organs/tissues even though the immune system itself is far from mature during the neonatal period.Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are essential for maintaining immune tolerance/homeostasis and modulating inflammatory responses.The features of Tregs in the neonatal liver under steady-state conditions are not well understood.The present study aimed to investigate the phenotype,functions,and significance of neonatal Tregs in the liver.We found a wave of thymus-derived Treg influx into the liver during 1–2 weeks of age.Depletion of these Tregs between days 7 and 11 after birth rapidly resulted in Th1-type liver inflammation and metabolic disorder.More Tregs in the neonatal liver than in the spleen underwent MHC II-dependent activation and proliferation,and the liver Tregs acquired stronger suppressive functions.The transcriptomic profile of these neonatal liver Tregs showed elevated expression of PPARγand T-bet and features of Tregs that utilize lipid metabolic machinery and are capable of regulating Th1 responses.The accumulation of Tregs with unique features in the neonatal liver is critical to ensure self-tolerance and liver maturation. | Mingyang Li Weijia Zhao Yifan Wang Lixue Jin Gaowen Jin Xiuyuan Sun Wei Wang Ke Wang Xi Xu Jie Hao Rong Jin Wenxian Fu Ying Sun Yingjun Chang Xiaojun Huang Xuyu Zhou Hounan Wu Kunshan Zhang Qing Ge | 2020 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2020，17，5： | 4 |
| 19 | Inhibitive effect on apoptosis in splenic lymphocytes of mice pretreated with Lingzhi (GanodermaLucidum) spores显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate how the pretreatment of mice with Ganoderma spores affected the apoptosis of their splenic lymphocytes induced by dexamethasone after 19 days treatment.METHODS: Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups: blank control groupdrenched with normal saline; a drug control group drenched with 150 mg/mL Ganoderma spores; a model group treated with saline; a low dose group with50 mg/mL Ganoderma spores; a moderate dose group with 100 mg/mL Ganoderma spores; and a high dose group with 150 mg/mL Ganoderma spores. The effect of Ganoderma spores on apoptosis in spleen lymphocytes was analyzed. All groups were treated for 19 days. On day 20, the model group and the 3 treatment groups were intraperitoneally injected dexamethasone to induce apoptosis. Splenic index and apoptosis indes were employed to measure cell apoptosis.RESULTS: The results showed that Ganoderma spores reduced the splenic index to different degrees in each group and the best effect was seen in the high dose group(P<0.05).Terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated 2'-Deoxyuridine5'-Triphosphate nick end labeling staining revealed that the apoptotic index in all groups administered Ganoderma spores differed significantly from the model group, and a dose-response was observed.Flow cytometric analysis indicated that spleen lymphocyte apoptosis in the model group was extensive. Each dose of Ganoderma spores inhibited dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in spleen lymphocytes, and a dose-response was observed as well. The highest dose of Ganoderma spores decreased Malondialdehyde content in serum induced by dexamethasone(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The findings imply that the pretreatment of the mice with Ganoderma spores could reduce the apoptosis rate induced by dexamethasone in their splenic lymphocytes. | Quanxi Wang Yifan Huang Baocheng Wu Jingliang Mei Honglei Zhang Baomin Qi | 2014 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2014，34，2： | 3 |
| 20 | Unexpected sedimentation patterns upstream and downstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir:Future risks显示文摘This paper summarizes the latest developments, future prospects, and proposed countermeasures of reservoir sedimentation and channel scour downstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) on the Yangtze River in China. Three key results have been found.(1) The incoming sediment load to the TGR has been significantly lower than expected.(2) The accumulated volume of sediment deposition in the TGR is smaller than expected because the overall sediment delivery ratio is relatively low, and the deposition in the near-dam area of the TGR is still developing.(3) River bed scour in the river reaches downstream of the Gezhouba Dam is still occurring and channel scour has extended to reaches as far downstream as the Hukou reach. Significantly, sedimentation of the TGR is less problematic than expected since the start of operation of the TGR on the one hand;on the other hand, the possible increases in sediment risks from dependence on upstream sediment control, deposition in the reservoir, and scour along middle Yangtze River should be paid more attention.(1) Sediment trapped by dams built along the upper Yangtze River and billion tons of loose materials on unstable slopes produced by the Wenchuan Earthquake could be new sediment sources for the upper Yangtze River. More seriously, possible release of this sediment into the upper Yangtze River due to new earthquakes or extreme climate events could overwhelm the river system, and produce catastrophic consequences.(2) Increasing sediment deposition in the TGR is harmful to the safety and efficiency of project operation and navigation.(3) The drastic scour along the middle Yangtze River has intensified the down-cutting of the riverbed and erosion of revetment, it has already led to increasing risk to flood control structures and ecological safety. It is suggested to continue the Field Observation Program, to initiate research programs and to focus on risks of sedimentation. | Yifan Huang Jinsheng Wang Mei Yang | 2019 | International Journal of Sediment Research2019，34，2： | 3 |
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