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| 1 | Nanoplasmonic waveguides: towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits显示文摘The properties of propagating surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)along one-dimensional metal structures have been investigated for more than 10 years and are now well understood.Because of the high confinement of electromagnetic energy,propagating SPPs have been considered to represent one of the best potential ways to construct next-generation circuits that use light to overcome the speed limit of electronics.Many basic plasmonic components have already been developed.In this review,researches on plasmonic waveguides are reviewed from the perspective of plasmonic circuits.Several circuit components are constructed to demonstrate the basic function of an optical digital circuit.In the end of this review,a prototype for an SPP-based nanochip is proposed,and the problems associated with building such plasmonic circuits are discussed.A plasmonic chip that can be practically applied is expected to become available in the near future. | Yurui Fang Mengtao Sun | 2015 | Light(Science & Applications)2015，4，1： | 19 |
| 2 | Superluminal and Negative Group Velocity in the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation显示文摘In this paper, a penetrating analysis is first made of the superluminal and negative group velocities that occur in the EM wave propagation. Discussed then are the superluminal and negative group velocities which are in the state of evanescent waves in the waveguide below cutoff(WBCO).Through an experiment in the coaxial photonic crystal a group velocity of 1.5-2.4 times the speed of light are observed in the stop band. | Huang Zhixun, Lu Guizhen, Guan Jian (Department of Communication Engineering, Beijing Broadcasting Institute, Beijing 100024) | 2003 | 工程科学(英文版)2003，1，2： | 18 |
| 3 | Design of high efficiency achromatic metalens with large operation bandwidth using bilayer architecture显示文摘Achromatic metalens composed of arrays of subwavelength nanostructures with spatially varying geometries is attractivefor a number of optical applications. However, the limited degree of freedom in the single layer achromatic metasurfacedesign makes it difficult to simultaneously guarantee the sufficient phase dispersion and high diffraction efficiency,which restricts the achromatic bandwidth and efficiency of metalens. Here we propose and demonstrate a high efficiencyachromatic metalens with diffraction-limited focusing capability at the wavelength ranging from 1000 nm to 1700 nm. Themetalens comprises two stacked nanopillar metasurfaces, by which the required focusing phase and dispersion compensationcan be controlled independently. As a result, in addition to the large achromatic bandwidth, the averaged focusingefficiency of the bilayer metalens is higher than 64% at the near-infrared region. Our design opens up the possibilityto obtain the required phase dispersion and efficiency simultaneously, which is of great significance to design broadbandmetasurface-based optical devices. | Yilin Wang Qingbin Fan Ting Xu | 2021 | Opto-Electronic Advances2021，4，1： | 17 |
| 4 | Efficient spectrum prediction and inverse design for plasmonic waveguide systems based on artificial neural networks显示文摘In this paper, we propose a novel approach to achieve spectrum prediction, parameter fitting, inverse design, and performance optimization for the plasmonic waveguide-coupled with cavities structure(PWCCS) based on artificial neural networks(ANNs). The Fano resonance and plasmon-induced transparency effect originated from the PWCCS have been selected as illustrations to verify the effectiveness of ANNs. We use the genetic algorithm to design the network architecture and select the hyperparameters for ANNs. Once ANNs are trained by using a small sampling of the data generated by the Monte Carlo method, the transmission spectra predicted by the ANNs are quite approximate to the simulated results. The physical mechanisms behind the phenomena are discussed theoretically, and the uncertain parameters in the theoretical models are fitted by utilizing the trained ANNs.More importantly, our results demonstrate that this model-driven method not only realizes the inverse design of the PWCCS with high precision but also optimizes some critical performance metrics for the transmission spectrum. Compared with previous works, we construct a novel model-driven analysis method for the PWCCS that is expected to have significant applications in the device design, performance optimization, variability analysis,defect detection, theoretical modeling, optical interconnects, and so on. | TIAN ZHANG JIA WANG QI LIU JINZAN ZHOU JIAN DAI XU HAN YUE ZHOU KUN XU | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，3： | 13 |
| 5 | Efficient adiabatic silicon-on-insulator waveguide taper显示文摘A silicon-on-insulator-based adiabatic waveguide taper with a high coupling efficiency and small footprint is presented.The taper was designed to reduce the incidence of mode conversion to higher-order and radiation modes inside the waveguide.In connecting a 0.5-μm-wide output waveguide and a 12-μm-wide input waveguide of a grating coupler,a compact 120-μm-long taper was demonstrated,achieving a transmission of 98.3%.Previously,this transmission level could only be achieved using a conventional linear taper with a length of more than 300μm. | Yunfei Fu Tong Ye Weijie Tang Tao Chu | 2014 | Photonics Research2014，2，3： | 10 |
| 6 | High-performance silicon−graphene hybrid plasmonic waveguide photodetectors beyond 1.55μm显示文摘Graphene has attracted much attention for the realization of high-speed photodetection for silicon photonics over a wide wavelength range.However,the reported fast graphene photodetectors mainly operate in the 1.55μm wavelength band.In this work,we propose and realize high-performance waveguide photodetectors based on bolometric/photoconductive effects by introducing an ultrathin wide silicon−graphene hybrid plasmonic waveguide,which enables efficient light absorption in graphene at 1.55μm and beyond.When operating at 2μm,the present photodetector has a responsivity of ~70 mA/W and a setup-limited 3 dB bandwidth of >20 GHz.When operating at 1.55μm,the present photodetector also works very well with a broad 3 dB bandwidth of >40 GHz(setup-limited)and a high responsivity of ~0.4 A/W even with a low bias voltage of−0.3 V.This work paves the way for achieving highresponsivity and high-speed silicon-graphene waveguide photodetection in the near/mid-infrared ranges,which has applications in optical communications,nonlinear photonics,and on-chip sensing. | Jingshu Guo Jiang Li Chaoyue Liu Yanlong Yin Wenhui Wang Zhenhua Ni Zhilei Fu Hui Yu Yang Xu Yaocheng Shi Yungui Ma Shiming Gao Limin Tong Daoxin Dai | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 10 |
| 7 | Tunable and enhanced light emission in hybrid WS_(2)-optical-fiber-nanowire structures显示文摘In recent years,the two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)have attracted renewed interest owing to their remarkable physical and chemical properties.Similar to that of graphene,the atomic thickness of TMDCs significantly limits their optoelectronic applications.In this study,we report a hybrid WS_(2)-optical-fibernanowire(WOFN)structure for broadband enhancement of the light-matter interactions,i.e.,light absorption,photoluminescence(PL)and second-harmonic generation(SHG),through evanescent field coupling.The interactions between the anisotropic light field of an optical fiber nanowire(OFN)and the anisotropic second-order susceptibility tensor of WS_(2) are systematically studied theoretically and experimentally.In particular,an efficient SHG in the WOFN appears to be 20 times larger than that in the same OFN before the WS_(2) integration under the same conditions.Moreover,we show that strain can efficiently manipulate the PL and SHG in the WOFN owing to the large configurability of the silica OFN.Our results demonstrate the potential applications of waveguide-coupled TMDCs structures for tunable high-performance photonic devices. | Jin-hui Chen Jun Tan Guang-xing Wu Xue-jin Zhang Fei Xu Yan-qing Lu | 2019 | Light(Science & Applications)2019，8，1： | 9 |
| 8 | Extraordinary evanescent field confinement waveguide sensor for mid-infrared trace gas spectroscopy显示文摘Nanophotonic waveguides are at the core of a great variety of optical sensors.These structures confine light along defined paths on photonic chips and provide light-matter interaction via an evanescent field.However,waveguides still lag behind free-space optics for sensitivity-critical applications such as trace gas detection.Short optical pathlengths,low interaction strengths,and spurious etalon fringes in spectral transmission are among the main reasons why on-chip gas sensing is still in its infancy.In this work,we report on a mid-infrared integrated waveguide sensor that successfully addresses these drawbacks.This sensor operates with a 107%evanescent field confinement factor in air,which not only matches but also outperforms free-space beams in terms of the per-length optical interaction.Furthermore,negligible facet reflections result in a flat spectral background and record-low absorbance noise that can finally compete with free-space spectroscopy.The sensor performance was validated at 2.566μm,which showed a 7 ppm detection limit for acetylene with only a 2 cm long waveguide. | Marek Vlk Anurup Datta Sebastián Alberti Henock Demessie Yallew Vinita Mittal Ganapathy Senthil Murugan Jána Jagerská | 2021 | Light(Science & Applications)2021，10，2： | 9 |
| 9 | Dual color optogenetic control of neural populations using low-noise,multishank optoelectrodes显示文摘Optogenetics allows for optical manipulation of neuronal activity and has been increasingly combined with intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological recordings.Genetically-identified classes of neurons are optically manipulated,though the versatility of optogenetics would be increased if independent control of distinct neural populations could be achieved on a sufficient spatial and temporal resolution.We report a scalable multisite optoelectrode design that allows simultaneous optogenetic control of two spatially intermingled neuronal populations in vivo.We describe the design,fabrication,and assembly of low-noise,multisite/multicolor optoelectrodes.Each shank of the four-shank assembly is monolithically integrated with 8 recording sites and a dualcolor waveguide mixer with a 7×30μm cross-section,coupled to 405 nm and 635 nm injection laser diodes(ILDs)via gradient-index(GRIN)lenses to meet optical and thermal design requirements.To better understand noise on the recording channels generated during diode-based activation,we developed a lumped-circuit modeling approach for EMI coupling mechanisms and used it to limit artifacts to amplitudes under 100μV upto an optical output power of 450μW.We implanted the packaged devices into the CA1 pyramidal layer of awake mice,expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in pyramidal cells and ChrimsonR in paravalbumin-expressing interneurons,and achieved optical excitation of each cell type using sub-mW illumination.We highlight the potential use of this technology for functional dissection of neural circuits. | Komal Kampasi Daniel F.English John Seymour Eran Stark Sam McKenzie Mihály Vöröslakos György Buzsáki Kensall D.Wise Euisik Yoon | 2018 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2018，4，1： | 8 |
| 10 | Ultrahigh-Q silicon racetrack resonators显示文摘An ultrahigh-Q silicon racetrack resonator is proposed and demonstrated with uniform multimode silicon photonic waveguides.It consists of two multimode straight waveguides connected by two multimode waveguide bends(MWBs).In particular,the MWBs are based on modified Euler curves,and a bent directional coupler is used to achieve the selective mode coupling for the fundamental mode and not exciting the higher-order mode in the racetrack.In this way,the fundamental mode is excited and propagates in the multimode racetrack resonator with ultralow loss and low intermode coupling.Meanwhile,it helps achieve a compact 180°bend to make a compact resonator with a maximized free spectral range(FSR).In this paper,for the chosen 1.6μm wide silicon photonic waveguide,the effective radius Reffof the designed 180°bend is as small as 29μm.The corresponding FSR is about 0.9 nm when choosing 260μm long straight waveguides in the racetrack.The present high-Q resonator is realized with a simple standard single-etching process provided by a multiproject wafer foundry.The fabricated device,which has a measured intrinsic Q-factor as high as 2.3×10~6,is the smallest silicon resonator with a>106Q-factor. | LONG ZHANG LANLAN JIE MING ZHANG YI WANG YIWEI XIE YAOCHENG SHI DAOXIN DAI | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，5： | 7 |
| 11 | Enhanced second-harmonic generation from two-dimensional MoSe_(2) on a silicon waveguide显示文摘Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)with intrinsically broken crystal inversion symmetry and large secondorder nonlinear responses have shown great promise for future nonlinear light sources.However,the sub-nanometer monolayer thickness of such materials limits the length of their nonlinear interaction with light.Here,we experimentally demonstrate the enhancement of the second-harmonic generation from monolayer MoSe_(2) by its integration onto a 220-nm-thick silicon waveguide.Such on-chip integration allows for a marked increase in the interaction length between the MoSe_(2) and the waveguide mode,further enabling phase matching of the nonlinear process.The demonstrated TMDC–silicon photonic hybrid integration opens the door to second-order nonlinear effects within the silicon photonic platform,including efficient frequency conversion,parametric amplification and the generation of entangled photon pairs. | Haitao Chen Vincent Corboliou Alexander S Solntsev Duk-Yong Choi Maria A Vincenti Domenico de Ceglia Costantino de Angelis Yuerui Lu Dragomir N Neshev | 2017 | Light(Science & Applications)2017，6，1： | 7 |
| 12 | High-speed silicon photonic Mach–Zehnder modulator at 2 μm显示文摘Recently,2-μm wave band has gained increasing interest due to its potential application for next-generation optical communication.But the development of 2-μm optical communications is substantially hampered by the modulation speed due to the device bandwidth constraints.Thus,a high-speed modulator is highly demanded at 2μm.Motivated by this prospect,we demonstrate a high-speed silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator for a 2-μm wave band.The device is configured as a single-ended push–pull structure with waveguide electrorefraction via the free carrier plasma effect.The modulator was fabricated via a multiproject wafer shuttle run at a commercial silicon photonic foundry.The modulation efficiency of a single arm is measured to be 1.6 V·cm.The high-speed characterization is also performed,and the modulation speed can reach 80 Gbit/s with 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM-4)formats. | Xi Wang Weihong Shen Wenxiang Li Yingjie Liu Yong Yao Jiangbing Du Qinghai Song Ke Xu | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，4： | 7 |
| 13 | Wide-steering-angle high-resolution optical phased array显示文摘Optical phased array(OPA)technology is considered a promising solution for solid-state beam steering to supersede the traditional mechanical beam steering.As a key component of the LIDAR system for long-range detection,OPAs featuring a wide steering angle and high resolution without beam aliasing are highly desired.However,a wide steering range requires a waveguide pitch less than half of the wavelength,which is easily subjected to cross talk.Besides,high resolution requires a large aperture,and it is normally achieved by a high count number of waveguides,which complicates the control system.To solve the mentioned issues,we design two high-performance 128-channel OPAs fabricated on a multilayered SiN-on-SOI platform.Attributed to the nonuniform antenna pitch,only 128 waveguides are used to achieve a 4 mm wide aperture.Besides,by virtue of innovative dual-level silicon nitride(Si_(3)N_(4))waveguide grating antennas,the fishbone antenna OPA achieves a 100°×19.4°field of view(FOV)with divergence of 0.021°×0.029°,and the chain antenna OPA realizes a 140°×19.23°FOV with divergence of 0.021°×0.1°.To our best knowledge,140°is the widest lateral steering range in two-dimensional OPA,and 0.029°is the smallest longitudinal divergence.Finally,we embed the OPA into a frequency-modulated continuous-wave system to achieve 100 m distance measurement.The reflected signal from 100 m distance is well detected with 26 dBm input transmitter power,which proves that OPA serves as a promising candidate for transceiving optical signal in a LIDAR system. | YINGZHI LI BAISONG CHEN QUANXIN NA QIJIE XIE MIN TAO LANXUAN ZHANG ZIHAO ZHI YUXUAN LI XIAOBIN LIU XIANSHU LUO GUOQIANG LO FENGLI GAO XUEYAN LI JUNFENG SONG | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，12： | 7 |
| 14 | A 357.9 nm GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum well ultraviolet laser diode显示文摘Ultraviolet(UV)and deep-UV light emitters are prom-ising for various applications including bioagent detection,wa-ter and air purification,dermatology,high-density optical stor-age,and lithography.However,to achieve shorter UV laser di-odes(LDs),especially for the LDs with lasing wavelength less than 360 nm,requires high AlN mole fraction AlGaN clad-ding layer(CL)and waveguide(WG)layers,which usually leads to generate cracks in AlGaN epilayer due to lack of lat-tice-matched substrates.Meanwhile,due to high resistivity of high AlN mole fraction Mg doped AlGaN layers,only few groups have reported GaN-based LDs with emission wavelength shorter than 360 nm[1−8],and up to now,there is no room temperature continuous-wave(CW)operation UV LDs with a lasing wavelength shorter than 360 nm ever repor-ted.Previously,we have reported a UV LD with lasing wavelength of 366 nm[9].In this paper,a higher AlN mole frac-tion of AlGaN WG layers is employed to shorten the LD emis-sion wavelength to less than 360 nm.A lasing wavelength of 357.9 nm is achieved. | Jing Yang Degang Zhao Zongshun Liu Feng Liang Ping Chen Lihong Duan Hai Wang Yongsheng Shi | 2022 | Journal of Semiconductors2022，43，1： | 6 |
| 15 | Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond显示文摘The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical structures available on a photonic chip.The integration of subwavelength-structured metasurfaces and metamaterials on the canonical building block of optical waveguides is gradually reshaping the landscape of photonic integrated circuits,giving rise to numerous metawaveguides with unprecedented strength in controlling guided electromagnetic waves.Here,we review recent advances in meta-structured waveguides that synergize various functional subwavelength photonic architectures with diverse waveguide platforms,such as dielectric or plasmonic waveguides and optical fibers.Foundational results and representative applications are comprehensively summarized.Brief physical models with explicit design tutorials,either physical intuition-based design methods or computer algorithms-based inverse designs,are cataloged as well.We highlight how meta-optics can infuse new degrees of freedom to waveguide-based devices and systems,by enhancing light-matter interaction strength to drastically boost device performance,or offering a versatile designer media for manipulating light in nanoscale to enable novel functionalities.We further discuss current challenges and outline emerging opportunities of this vibrant field for various applications in photonic integrated circuits,biomedical sensing,artificial intelligence and beyond. | Yuan Meng Yizhen Chen Longhui Lu Yimin Ding Andrea Cusano Jonathan A.Fan Qiaomu Hu Kaiyuan Wang Zhenwei Xie Zhoutian Liu Yuanmu Yang Qiang Liu Mali Gong Qirong Xiao Shulin Sun Minming Zhang Xiaocong Yuan Xingjie Ni | 2021 | Light(Science & Applications)2021，10，12： | 6 |
| 16 | Lithium niobate microring with ultra-high Q factor above 10^(8)显示文摘We demonstrate integrated lithium niobate(LN) microring resonators with Q factors close to the intrinsic material absorption limit of LN.The microrings are fabricated on pristine LN thin-film wafers thinned from LN bulk via chemo-mechanical etching without ion slicing and ion etching.A record-high Q factor up to 10^(8)at the wavelength of 1550 nm is achieved because of the ultra-smooth interface of the microrings and the absence of ion-induced lattice damage,indicating an ultra-low waveguide propagation loss of ~0.0034 dB/cm.The ultra-high Q microrings will pave the way for integrated quantum light source,frequency comb generation,and nonlinear optical processes. | 高仁宏 姚妮 管江林 邓莉 林锦添 汪旻 乔玲玲 方伟 程亚 | 2022 | Chinese Optics Letters2022，20，1： | 6 |
| 17 | Compact solid-state waveguide lasers operating in the pulsed regime:a review[Invited]显示文摘Over the last years, there has been tremendous progress with compact pulsed lasers based on various solid-state gain media, such as crystals and glasses doped with laser-active ions. With the integration of increasingly diverse saturable absorber materials, these small sources are capable of delivering stable pulses with durations as short as femtoseconds and repetition rates exceeding 10 GHz. These promising sources are known as solid-state waveguide lasers, which have become synonymous with miniaturization, integration, and functionality.This article overviews the progress in the development of passively Q-switched and mode-locked solid-state waveguide lasers employing diverse saturable absorbers. The most commonly used laser configurations,state-of-the-art waveguide fabrication techniques, and experimental demonstrations of pulsed waveguide lasers are summarized and reviewed. Selected well-noted topics, which may shape the future directions in this field, are also presented. | 贾曰辰 陈峰 | 2019 | Chinese Optics Letters2019，17，1： | 5 |
| 18 | CMOS-compatible high-index doped silica waveguide with an embedded silicon-nanocrystal strip for all-optical analog-to-digital conversion显示文摘Passive all-optical signal processors that overcome the electronic bottleneck can potentially be the enabling components for the next-generation high-speed and lower power consumption systems. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a CMOS-compatible waveguide and its application to the all-optical analog-to-digital converter(ADC) under the nonlinear spectral splitting and filtering scheme. As the key component of the proposed ADC, a 50 cm long high-index doped silica glass spiral waveguide is composed of a thin silicon-nanocrystal(Si-nc) layer embedded in the core center for enhanced nonlinearity. The device simultaneously possesses low loss(0.16 dB/cm at 1550 nm), large nonlinearity(305 W^-1∕km at 1550 nm), and negligible nonlinear absorption.A 2-bit ADC basic unit is achieved when pumped by the proposed waveguide structure at the telecom band and without any additional amplification. Simulation results that are consistent with the experimental ones are also demonstrated, which further confirm the feasibility of the proposed scheme for larger quantization resolution.This demonstrated approach enables a fully monolithic solution for all-optical ADC in the future, which can digitize broadband optical signals directly at low power consumption. This has great potential on the applications of high-speed optical communications, networks, and signal processing systems. | YUHUA LI KUN ZHU ZHE KANG WAI LOK HO ROY DAVIDSON CHAO LU BRENT ELITTLE SAI TAK CHU | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，10： | 5 |
| 19 | Acousto-optical modulation of thin film lithium niobate waveguide devices显示文摘Due to its strong piezoelectric effect and photo-elastic property, lithium niobate is widely used for acousto-optical applications. However, conventional bulk lithium niobate waveguide devices exhibit a large footprint and limited light–sound interaction resulting from the weak guiding of light. Here, we report the first acousto-optical modulators with surface acoustic wave generation, phononic cavity, and low-loss photonic waveguide devices monolithically integrated on a 500 nm thick film of lithium niobate on an insulator. Modulation efficiency was optimized by properly arranging the propagation directions of surface acoustic waves and optical guided modes.The effective photo-elastic coefficient extracted by comparing the first and third harmonic modulation signals from an on-chip Mach–Zehnder interferometer indicates the excellent acousto-optical properties of lithium niobate are preserved in the thin film implementation. Such material property finding is of crucial importance in designing various types of acousto-optical devices. Much stronger amplitude modulation was achieved in a high Q(>300,000) optical resonator due to the higher optical sensitivity. Our results pave the path for developing novel acousto-optical devices using thin film lithium niobate. | LUTONG CAI ASHRAF MAHMOUD MSI KHAN MOHAMED MAHMOUD TAMAL MUKHERJEE JAMES BAIN GIANLUCA PIAZZA | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，9： | 5 |
| 20 | Graphene-based optical phase modulation of waveguide transverse electric modes显示文摘In this paper we report TE-mode phase modulation obtained by inducing a capacitive charge on graphene layers embedded in the core of a waveguide.There is a biasing regime in which graphene absorption is negligible but large index variations can be achieved with a voltage–length product as small as V_(π)L_(π)≃0.07 V cm for straight waveguides and V_(π)L_(π)≃0.0024 V cm for 12μm radius microring resonators.This phase modulation device uniquely enables a small signal amplitude<1 V with a micrometer-sized footprint for compatibility with CMOS circuit integration.Examples of phase-induced changes are computed for straight waveguides and for microring resonators,showing the possibility of implementing several optoelectronic functionalities as modulators,tunable filters,and switches. | Michele Midrio Paola Galli Marco Romagnoli Lionel C.Kimerling Jurgen Michel | 2014 | Photonics Research2014，2，3： | 5 |
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