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| 1 | Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission显示文摘Dear Editor,The occurrence of concentrated pneumonia cases in Wuhan city,Hubei province of China was first reported on December 30,2019 by the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission(WHO,2020).The pneumonia cases were found to be linked to a large seafood and animal market in Wuhan,and measures for sanitation and disinfection were taken swiftly by the local government agency.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)and Chinese health authorities later determined and announced that a novel coronavirus(CoV),denoted as 2019-nCoV,had caused the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan city(CDC,2020).Scientists from multiple groups had obtained the virus samples from hospitalized patients(Normile,2020).The isolated viruses were morphologically identical when observed under electron microscopy. | Xintian Xu Ping Chen Jingfang Wang Jiannan Feng Hui Zhou Xuan Li Wu Zhong Pei Hao | 2020 | Science China(Life Sciences)2020，63，3： | 737 |
| 2 | Geomorphological and environmental evolution in the upper reaches of the Yellow River during the late Cenozoic显示文摘Studies of the geomorphology and stratigraphy in the upper reaches of the Yellow River during the late Cenozoic demonstrate that the period of 30 - 3.4 Ma is characterized by a relatively stable tectonic setting, a persistently hot climate and a wide distribution of inland basins. This long-term stable environment resulted in a planation surface, the main surface on the Qinghai-Xizang (Qingzang) Plateau, on which red earth crust and karst arc formed. Since 3.4 Ma, the Qingzang Plateau was 'uplifted as a whole massif, accompanied by the dissection and disintegration of the main surface, termination of deposition and deformation of stratigraphy in red basins, increasing relief and commencing accumulation of inland molasse formation mainly of conglomerate. Subsequent strong uplift of the Qingzang Plateau at 2.5 Ma and 1.7-1.66 Ma led to cormation of the basic geomorphological configuration of the Qingzang Plateau and occurrence of the Yellow River. These three strong uplifts of the Qingzang Plateau | 李吉均 方小敏 马海州 朱俊杰 潘保田 陈怀录 | 1996 | Science China Earth Sciences1996，39，4： | 53 |
| 3 | Paleogene-Neogene stratigraphic realm and sedimentary sequence of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their response to uplift of the plateau显示文摘Based on the data of 1:250000 geological mapping completed by CGS and the previous literature of the Cenozoic strata, 98 remnant basins and 5 stratigraphic realms with 13 stratigraphic subrealms have been recognized on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent area. Through the research of the types of remnant basins, tectonic setting, stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary characteristics, contact relationship between the strata, the formation time and evolution history of sediments, we divided the uplift process and sedimentary response of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into 3 stages and 8 sub-stages, namely, subduction-collision uplift stage (65-34 Ma) with three sub-stages, intercontinental convergence and compressive uplift stage (34-13 Ma) with three sub-stages, and intercontinental isostatic adjustment uplift stage (since 13 Ma) with two sub-stages. | ZHANG KeXin WANG GuoCan JI JunLiang LUO ManSheng KOU XiaoHu WANG YueMing XU YaDong CHEN FenNing CHEN RuiMing SONG BoWen ZHANG JianYu LIANG YinPing | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，9： | 49 |
| 4 | Moment-independent importance measure of basic random variable and its probability density evolution solution显示文摘To analyze the effect of basic variable on failure probability in reliability analysis,a moment-independent importance measure of the basic random variable is proposed,and its properties are analyzed and verified.Based on this work,the importance measure of the basic variable on the failure probability is compared with that on the distribution density of the response.By use of the probability density evolution method,a solution is established to solve two importance measures,which can efficiently avoid the difficulty in solving the importance measures.Some numerical examples and engineering examples are used to demonstrate the proposed importance measure on the failure probability and that on the distribution density of the response.The results show that the proposed importance measure can effectively describe the effect of the basic variable on the failure probability from the distribution density of the basic variable.Additionally,the results show that the established solution on the probability density evolution is efficient for the importance measures. | CUI LiJie,Lü ZhenZhou & ZHAO XinPan School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，4： | 41 |
| 5 | 锡林浩特杂岩和蓝片岩的锆石U-Pb年代学及其对索仑缝合带演化的意义显示文摘报道了内蒙索仑缝合带附近的锡林浩特杂岩和苏左旗混杂带中蓝片岩块的锆石U-Pb年代学数据。锡林浩特杂岩中碎屑锆石来源复杂,从晚太古至晚古生代均有。最年轻的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄为280~340Ma,与该区最年轻的弧岩浆岩年龄一致,表明该杂岩的原岩最终形成于晚古生代,而不是前寒武陆块残留。锡林浩特杂岩原岩的沉积源区主要是古生代的弧岩浆岩和部分裸露的前寒武陆壳,可能是弧前沉积建造。蓝片岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为318±5Ma(范围338~280Ma),这些锆石显示典型岩浆振荡环带结构,因此该年龄可能代表其原岩形成年龄,而其变质应该在280Ma之后。所以,锡林浩特杂岩和混杂带中蓝片岩块的变质变形作用可能发生在晚二叠,与索仑缝合带强烈的孤陆碰撞有关,暗示索仑缝合带的碰撞缝合时间在晚二叠,而不是许多人坚持的泥盆纪。 | 陈斌 马星华 刘安坤 木合塔尔·扎日 | 2009 | 岩石学报2009，25，12： | 47 |
| 6 | Eolian evidence from the Chinese Loess Plateau: the onset of the Late Cenozoic Great Glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau uplift forcing显示文摘On the basis of a newly-constructed record of magnetic susceptibility (SUS) and the depositional rate change of eolian loess-red clay sequences in the last 7.2 Ma BP from the Loess Plateau, together with a comparison of a record of δ18O values from the equatorial East Pacific Ocean and eolian Quartz flux variations from the North Pacific Ocean, the evolutionary process of the Late Cenozoic Great Glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere can be divided into three stages: the arrival stage around 7.2—3.4 Ma BP, the initial stage at about 3.4—2.6 Ma BP, and the Great Ice Age since 2.6 Ma BP. The evolution of the East Asian monsoon is characterized by paired winter and summer monsoons, and it is basically composed of the initial stage of weak winter and summer monsoons, the transitional stage of simuhaneous increase in intensity of winter and summer monsoons, and the prevailing stage of strong winter and weak summer monsoons, or weak winter and strong summer monsoons. The Late Cenozoic global tectonic | 安芷生 王苏民 吴锡浩 陈明扬 孙东怀 刘秀铭 王富葆 李力 孙有斌 周卫健 周杰 刘晓东 鹿化煜 张云翔 董光荣 强小科 | 1999 | Science China Earth Sciences1999，42，3： | 39 |
| 7 | Vaccination of poultry successfully eliminated human infection with H7N9 virus in China显示文摘The H7 N9 viruses that emerged in China in 2013 were nonpathogenic in chickens but mutated to a highly pathogenic form in early 2017 and caused severe disease outbreaks in chickens. The H7 N9 influenza viruses have caused five waves of human infection, with almost half of the total number of human cases(766 of 1,567) being reported in the fifth wave, raising concerns that even more human infections could occur in the sixth wave. In September 2017, an H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine for chickens was introduced, and the H7 N9 virus isolation rate in poultry dropped by 93.3% after vaccination. More importantly,only three H7 N9 human cases were reported between October 1, 2017 and September 30, 2018, indicating that vaccination of poultry successfully eliminated human infection with H7 N9 virus. These facts emphasize that active control of animal disease is extremely important for zoonosis control and human health protection. | Xianying Zeng Guobin Tian Jianzhong Shi Guohua Deng Chengjun Li Hualan Chen | 2018 | Science China(Life Sciences)2018，61，12： | 37 |
| 8 | Hydrocarbon sources and stages of reservoir formation in Kuqa depression, Tarim Basin显示文摘Kuqa depression bears not only plenty ofnatural gas, but also a large amount of condensate and smallquantity of crude oil. Based on the geochemical correlationbetween the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial hydrocarbonsource rock, this paper confirms that the natural gas in Kuqadepression belongs to coal-type gas and the main gas sourcerock is attributed to the middle to lower Jurassic coal seriesformation, while the main oil source rock is the upper Tri-assic lacustrine mudstone. The authors indicated that Kuqadepression was slowly subsided in Mesozoic, but rapidlywent down in Late Tertiary, which made the Jurassic andTriassic source rock suddenly deep-buried and rapidlyevolved to high and over-mature phase since 5 Ma. TheTriassic source rock is postponed to the Early Miocene dur-ing 23-12 Ma when entering the oil-generating peak, whilethe Jurassic is suspended to the latest 5 Ma, especially since2.5 Ma to the dry gas-generating period, which is one of thecharacteristics of the source rock thermal evolution in Kuqadepression. This paper presents a two-stage trapping andlate gas trapping model in Kuqa depression whose charac-teristics are: The main oil and gas reservoirs have differentsources. The oil reservoir is formed early while the gas res-ervoir is formed lately. During the early stage, it, mainly asoil, takes long distance lateral migration, while in the laterstage, it, mainly as gas, takes the vertical migration and alsohas lateral migration. The trap formed in different time onthe south and north sides of the depression and evolved intoa distributional pattern with oil in the south part and gas inthe north, also oil on the outer ring and gas on the inner ring.This paper points out that the late trapping of the naturalgas in Kuqa depression is favorable for the preservation oflarge gas fields. | LIANG Digang ZHANG Shuichang ZHAO Mengjun WANG Feiyu | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，S1： | 34 |
| 9 | National Epidemiology and Evolutionary History of Four Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease-Related Enteroviruses in China from 2008 to 2016显示文摘Hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) is a major public health concern in China. The most predominant enteroviruses that cause HFMD have traditionally been attributed to enterovirus A71(EVA71) and coxsackievirus A16(CVA16). Since its first large outbreak in 2008, the dominant HFMD pathogens are constantly changing. In 2013 and 2015, CVA6 exceeded both EVA71 and CVA16 to become the leading cause of HFMD in some provinces. However, there still lacks a comprehensive overview on the molecular epidemiology and evolution of HFMD-related enteroviruses at the national level. In this study, we performed systematic epidemiological analyses of HFMD-related enteroviruses using the data of 64 published papers that met the inclusion criteria, and conducted phylogenetic analyses based on 12,080 partial VP1 sequences identified in China before 31 st June 2018. We found that EVA71 prevalence has decreased sharply but other enteroviruses have increased rapidly from 2008 to 2016 and that one subtype of each enterovirus is represented during the epidemic. In addition, four genotypes EVA71_C4, CVA16_B1, CVA6_D and CVA10_C are the most predominant enterovirus strains and collectively they cause over 90% of all HFMD cases in China according to the phylogenetic trees using representative partial VP1 sequences. These four major enterovirus genotypes have different geographical distributions, and they may cocirculate with other genotypes and serotypes. These results suggest that more molecular epidemiological studies should be performed on several enteroviruses simultaneously, and such information should have implications for virological surveillance, disease management, vaccine development and policy-making on the prevention and control of HFMD. | Xuemin Fu Zhenzhou Wan Yanpeng Li Yihong Hu Xia Jin Chiyu Zhang | 2020 | Virologica Sinica2020，35，1： | 31 |
| 10 | The Chromosome-Level Reference Genome of Tea Tree Unveils Recent Bursts of Nonautonomous LTR Retrotransposons in Driving Genome Size Evolution显示文摘Dear Editor,The tea tree Camellia sinensis,a member of the genus Camellia in the Theaceae family,includes two major cultivated varieties,C.sinensis var.assamica(CSA\Assam type)and C.sinensis var.sinensis(CSS;Chinese type)(Ming and Bartholomew,2007).Due to the high economic importance of the tea tree,considerable efforts have been made to explore genetic basis of the biosynthesis of natural metabolites that determine health benefits and diverse tea flavors(Shi et al.,2011;Li et al.,2011;Li et al.,2015;Xia et aL,2017;Liu et al.,2019). | Qun-Jie Zhang Wei L i Kui Li Hong Nan Cong Shi Yun Zhang Zhang-Yan Dai Yang-Lei Lin Xiao-Lan Yang Yan Tong Dan Zhang Cui Lu Li-Ying Feng Chen-Feng Wang Xiao-Xin Liu Jian-An Huang Wen-Kai Jiang Xing-Hua Wang Xing-Cai Zhang Evan E.Eichler Zhong-Hua Liu and Li-Zhi Gao | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，7： | 27 |
| 11 | Pre-Devonian tectonic evolution of the eastern South China Block:Geochronological evidence from detrital zircons显示文摘Using the U-Pb LA-ICP-MS analysis technique we analyzed geochronological features of detrital zircons from Devonian and Ordovician coarse sandstone in southern Jiangxi Province,northern Cathaysia Block.Abundant ancient crustal information was obtained.The 350 groups of U-Pb age center on five ranges:2600-2300 Ma(peak at 2470 Ma),1100-900 Ma(peak at 980 Ma),900-700 Ma(peak at 800 Ma),650-520 Ma(peak at 600 Ma) and 450-400 Ma(peak at 440 Ma).We also found a detrital zircon of ~3.5 Ga.This is the oldest age in northern Cathaysia Block obtained so far.From the analysis we concluded that:(1) the 2600-2300 Ma period,characterized by a global continent-building,records late Neoarchean magmatism that did not occur in the neighboring area of Cathaysia;(2) the marked peak at 1100-900 Ma corresponds with the assembly time of the Neoproterozoic supercontinent,Rodinia,suggesting that the Cathaysia Block was once a part of Rodinia,and numerous euhedral zircons with similar ages likely resulted from the Grenville event;(3) the peak at 900-700 Ma corresponds to the breakup of Rodinia,as evidenced by wide occurrence of Neoproterozoic granite,basic dyke swarms and continental rift-type deposition;(4) the 650-520 Ma period is the typical time of the Pan-African event,but as yet no associated magmatic rock has been reported in this area;and(5) the peak at 450-400 Ma,representing the early Paleozoic orogeny,was recorded in various igneous rocks.Abundant Silurian-Lower Devonian granitic plutons,orthogneisses and their zircon U-Pb dating ages(450-400 Ma) are important evidence of an early Paleozoic orogenic event.Geological data support the interpretation of an Early Paleozoic tectonic heat event in Cathaysia,which was likely to be caused by intracontinental collision. | Lei Xiang LiangShu Shu | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，10： | 26 |
| 12 | Evolution of Intraseasonal Oscillation over the Tropica lWestern Pacific/South China Sea and Its Effect to the Summer Precipitation in Southern China显示文摘EvolutionofIntraseasonalOscilationovertheTropicalWesternPacific/SouthChinaSeaandItsEfecttotheSummerPrecipitationinSouthernChi... | 李崇银 李桂龙 | 1997 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1997，14，2： | 26 |
| 13 | The Chrysanthemum nankingense Genome Provides Insights into the Evolution and Diversification of Chrysanthemum Flowers and Medicinal Traits显示文摘The Asteraceae (Compositae),a large plant family of approximately 24 000-35 000 species,accounts for^10% of all angiosperm species and contributes a lot to plant diversity.The most representative members of the Asteraceae are the economically important chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum L.)that diversified through reticulate evolution.Biodiversity is typically created by multiple evolutionary mechanisms such as wholegenome duplication 0NGD)or polyploidization and locally repetitive genome expansion.However,the lack of genomic data from chrysanthemum species has prevented an in-depth analysis of the evolutionary mechanisms involved in their diversification.Here,we used Oxford Nanopore long-read technologyto sequence the diploid Chrysanthemum nankingense genome,which represents one of the progenitor genomes of domesticated chrysanthemums.Our analysis revealed that the evolution of the C.nankingense genome was driven by bursts of repetitive element expansion and WGD events including a recentWGD that distinguishes chrysanthemum from sunflower,which diverged from chrysanthemum approximately 38.8 million years ago.Variations of ornamental and medicinal traits in chrysanthemums are linked to the expansion of candidate gene families by duplication events including paralogous gene duplication.Collectively,our study of the assembled reference genome offers new knowledge and resources to dissect the history and pattern of evolution and diversification of chrysanthemum plants,and also to accelerate their breeding and improvement. | Chi Song Yifei Liu Aiping Song Gangqiang Dong Hongbo Zhao Wei Sun Shyam Ramakrishnan Ying Wang Shuaibin Wang Tingzhao Li Yan Niu Jiafu Jiang Bin Dong Ye Xia Sumei Chen Zhigang Hu Fadi Chen Shilin Chen | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，12： | 24 |
| 14 | DNA barcoding:species delimitation in tree peonies显示文摘Delimitations of species are crucial for correct and precise identification of taxa.Unfortunately 'spe-cies' is more a subjective than an objective concept in taxonomic practice due to difficulties in revealing patterns of infra-or inter-specific variations.Molecular phylogenetic studies at the population level solve this problem and lay a sound foundation for DNA barcoding.In this paper we exemplify the necessity of adopting a phylogenetic concept of species in DNA barcoding for tree peonies(Paeonia sect.Moutan).We used 40 samples representing all known populations of rare and endangered species and several populations of widely distributed tree peonies.All currently recognized species and major variants have been included in this study.Four chloroplast gene fragments,i.e.ndhF,rps16-trnQ,trnL-F and trnS-G(a total of 5040 characters,96 variable and 69 parsimony-informative characters) and one variable and single-copy nuclear GPAT gene fragment(2093?2197 bp,279 variable and 148 parsi-mony-informative characters) were used to construct phylogenetic relationships among the taxa.The evolutionary lineages revealed by the nuclear gene and the chloroplast genes are inconsistent with the current circumscriptions of P.decomposita,P.jishanensis,P.qiui,and P.rockii based on morphology.The inconsistencies come from(1) significant chloroplast gene divergence but little nuclear GPAT gene divergence among population systems of P.decomposita + P.rockii,and(2) well-diverged nuclear GPAT gene but little chloroplast gene divergence between P.jishanensis and P.qiui.The incongruence of the phylogenies based on the chloroplast genes and the nuclear GPAT gene is probably due to the chloro-plast capture event in evolutionary history,as no reproductive barriers exist to prevent inter-specific hybridization.We also evaluated the suitability of these genes for use as DNA barcodes for tree peonies.The variability of chloroplast genes among well-defined species or population systems of a species complex is 4.82 times the figure within the groups,and the GPAT gene is twice as variable between the groups as within the groups.The number of completely divergent sites is sufficient to mark the two subsections,the two species in subsection Delavayanae,and the well-divergent species in subsection Vaginatae.But the genes currently used either from the chloroplast genome or from the nuclear genome alone cannot correctly assign samples of P.decomposita,P.jishanensis,P.qiui,or P.rockii to the spe-cies as currently defined.We conclude that(1) DNA barcoding should be based on prior phylogenetic studies to understand the evolutionary lineages and how well the taxonomic species correspond to the lineages;(2) it is unlikely to find a single short fragment as a barcode for every plant and such a frag-ment could result in misidentification when a chloroplast capture event happened in the evolutionary history of plants like tree peonies;and(3) we suggest striving for a universal marker at the familial level and locally universal barcodes within a family instead of looking for a universal barcode for all plants. | ZHANG JinMei1,2,WANG JianXiu1,2,XIA Tao1,2 & ZHOU ShiLiang1 1State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China 2Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，6： | 22 |
| 15 | Constraints of (U-Th)/He ages on early Paleozoic tectonothermal evolution of the Tarim Basin,China显示文摘The thermal evolution of source rocks in the Paleozoic stratigraphic sequences has been an outstanding problem for petroleum exploration in the Tarim Basin, as the thermal history of the Paleozoic could not be reconstructed objectively due to the lack of effective thermal indicators in the early Paleozoic carbonate successions. The (U-Th)/He thermochronometry of apatite and zircon has recently been used as an effective tool to study the structural uplift and thermal history of sedimentary basins. The Paleozoic tectonothermal histories of two typical wells in the Tarim Basin were modeled using the thermal indicators of (U-Th)/He, apatite fission track (AFT), and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) data in this paper. The Paleozoic strata in the two wells were shallow due to persistent uplift and significant erosion during the Hercynian tectonic events (from Devonian to Triassic). Therefore, the paleothermal indicators in the Paleozoic strata may retain the original thermal evolution and can be used to re- construct the Paleozoic thermal history of the Tarim Basin. The apatite and zircon helium ages from core and cuttings samples were analyzed and the Paleozoic thermal histories of wells KQ1 and T1 were modeled by combining helium ages, AFT, and equivalence vitrinite reflectance (VRo) data. The modeling results show that the geothermal gradient evolution is different in the Kongquehe Slop and Bachu Uplift of Tarim Basin during the Paleozoic. The thermal gradient in Well T1 on the Bachu Up- lift was only 28–30°C/km in Cambrian, and it increased to 30–33°C/km in Ordovician and 31–34°C/km during the Silurian and Devonian. The thermal gradient of Ordovician in Well KQ1 on the Kongquehe Slope was 35°C/km and decreased to 32–35°C/km during the Silurian and Devonian. Therefore, the combined use of (U-Th)/He ages and other thermal indicators appears to be useful in reconstructing the basin thermal history and provides new insight into the understanding of the early Paleozoic thermal history of the Tarim Basin. | QIU NanSheng WANG JiYang MEI QingHua JIANG Guang TAO Cheng | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，7： | 22 |
| 16 | Tectonic Evolution of the Palaeo——Tethys in Changning——Menglian Belt and Adjacent Regions,Western Yunnan显示文摘The Changning-Menglian belt,located between theBaoshan-Gengma massif and the Simao-Lincangmassif in Western Yunnan,preserves the complete recordof a suture zone and the most continuous record of deepwater sedimentation,representing the main branch of thePalaeo-Tethys polyisland ocean in the Hercynian-Indo-sinian stage.This belt could be further subdivided into threetectono-lithofacies zones.In the east zone,terrigenouselastics,argillaceous,marl-argillaceous and silicate sediments lie on the metamorphosed Early Palaeozoic basement in concealed unconformity,representing deep watersediments on a passive continental margin.The centralzone,although the basement rocks are absent fromoutcropping here,includes a contemporary complexof various sedimentary types,among them one type is ofdeep ocean sediments represented by radiolarian beddedchert,appearing from at least early Early Devonian tothe Middle Triassic.Another type includes purecarbonates of the Early Carboniferous to the LatePermian,a type of shallow | Liu Benpei Feng Qinglai Fang NianqiaoChina University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083 | 1991 | Journal of Earth Science1991，10，1： | 22 |
| 17 | 2000-2015年中国PM_(2.5)时空演化特征及驱动因素解析(英文)显示文摘High concentrations of PM_(2.5) are universally considered as a main cause for haze formation. Therefore, it is important to identify the spatial heterogeneity and influencing factors of PM_(2.5) concentrations for regional air quality control and management. In this study, PM_(2.5) data from 2000 to 2015 was determined from an inversion of NASA atmospheric remote sensing images. Using geo-statistics, geographic detectors, and geo-spatial analysis methods, the spatio-temporal evolution patterns and driving factors of PM_(2.5) concentration in China were evaluated. The main results are as follows.(1) In general, the average concentration of PM_(2.5) in China increased quickly and reached its peak value in 2006; subsequently, concentrations remained between 21.84 and 35.08 μg/m3.(2) PM_(2.5) is strikingly heterogeneous in China, with higher concentrations in the north and east than in the south and west. In particular, areas with relatively high PM_(2.5) concentrations are primarily in four regions, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Lower Yangtze River Delta Plain, Sichuan Basin, and Taklimakan Desert. Among them, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region has the highest concentration of PM_(2.5).(3) The center of gravity of PM_(2.5) has generally moved northeastward, which indicates an increasingly serious haze in eastern China. High-value PM_(2.5) concentrations have moved eastward, while low-value PM_(2.5) has moved westward.(4) Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicates a significantly positive spatial correlation. The 'High-High' PM_(2.5) agglomeration areas are distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Fenhe-Weihe River Basin, Sichuan Basin, and Jianghan Plain regions. The 'Low-Low' PM_(2.5) agglomeration areas include Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, north of the Great Wall, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and Taiwan, Hainan, and Fujian and other southeast coastal cities and islands.(5) Geographic detection analysis indicates that both natural and anthropogenic factors account for spatial variations in PM_(2.5) concentration. Geographical location, population density, automobile quantity, industrial discharge, and straw burning are the main driving forces of PM_(2.5) concentration in China. | 周亮 周成虎 杨帆 车磊 王波 孙东琪 | 2019 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2019，29，2： | 22 |
| 18 | A promising new class of irradiation tolerant materials:Ti_2ZrHfV_(0.5)Mo_(0.2) high-entropy alloy显示文摘Recently, high-entropy alloys(HEAs) or multi-principal-element alloys with unprecedented physical,chemical, and mechanical properties, have been considered as candidate materials used in advanced reactors due to their promising irradiation resistant behavior. Here, we report a new single-phase bodycentered cubic(BCC) structured Ti_2 ZrHfV_(0.5)Mo_(0.2) HEA possessing excellent irradiation resistance, i.e.,scarcely irradiation hardening and abnormal lattice constant reduction after helium-ion irradiation,which is completely different from conventional alloys. This is the first time to report the abnormal XRD phenomenon of metallic alloys and almost no hardening after irradiation. These excellent properties make it to be a potential candidate material used as core components in next-generation nuclear reactors. The particular irradiation tolerance derives from high density lattice vacancies/defects. | Yiping Lu Hefei Huang Xuzhou Gao Cuilan Ren Jie Gao Huanzhi Zhang Shijian Zheng Qianqian Jin Yonghao Zhao Chenyang Lu Tongmin Wang Tingju Li | 2019 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2019，35，3： | 23 |
| 19 | Sequencing of Cultivated Peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Yields Insights into Genome Evolution and Oil Improvement显示文摘Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an allotetraploid crop planted in Asia, Africa, and America for edible oil and protein. To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy, we sequenced the allotetraploid A. hypogaea genome and compared it with the related diploid Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis genomes. We annotated 39 888 A-subgenome genes and 41 526 B-subgenome genes in allotetraploid peanut. The A. hypogaea subgenomes have evolved asymmetrically, with the B subgenome resembling the ancestral state and the A subgenome undergoing more gene disruption, loss, conversion, and transposable element proliferation, and having reduced gene expression during seed development despite lacking genome-wide expression dominance. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses identified more than 2 500 oil metabolism-related genes and revealed that most of them show altered expression early in seed development while their expression ceases during desiccation, presenting a comprehensive map of peanut lipid biosynthesis. The availability of these genomic resources will facilitate a better understanding of the complex genome architecture, agronomically and economically important genes, and genetic improvement of peanut. | Xiaoping Chen Qing Lu Hao Liu Jianan Zhang Yanbin Hong Haofa Lan Haifen Li Jinpeng Wang Haiyan Liu Shaoxiong Li Manish K.Pandey Zhikang Zhang Guiyuan Zhou Jigao Yu Guoqiang Zhang Jiaqing Yuan Xingyu Li Shijie Wen Fanbo Meng Shanlin Yu Xiyin Wang Kadambot H.M.Siddique Zhong-Jian Liu Andrew H.Paterson Rajeev K.Varshney Xuanqiang Liang | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，7： | 23 |
| 20 | Relation of chaos activity characteristics of the cardiac system with the evolution of species显示文摘According to the nonlinear theory, the experiments have been conducted on sample ECG (electrocardiogram) signals of healthy human beings, coronary heart disease patients and adult canines. On the basis of the analyses of the power spectra, the computation of the correlation dimension and the Lyapunov exponent to a large number of ECG signals, the following conclusions are shown: through the comparative research, (1) the analyses of the power spectra, the computation of the correlation dimension and the Lyapunov exponent to the ECG signals reflect the whole dynamic characteristics of the hearts, and they may become a new method of researching ECG quantitatively to an early diagnose of heart disease. (2) Under normal physiological conditions the cardiac activities are chaotic, while under pathologic conditions the cardiac activities approach regularity. (3) On the basis of the comparative research of human beings and canines, it is revealed that chaos may be a quantitative index to measure the evolution | WANG XingyuanSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，24： | 21 |
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