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| 1 | Clinical epidemiology and disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is defined as the presence of hepatic fat accumulation after the exclusion of other causes of hepatic steatosis, including other causes of liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption, and other conditions that may lead to hepatic steatosis. NAFLD encompasses a broad clinical spectrum ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the world and NASH may soon become the most common indication for liver transplantation. Ongoing persistence of obesity with increasing rate of diabetes will increase the prevalence of NAFLD, and as this population ages, many will develop cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. There has been a general increase in the prevalence of NAFLD, with Asia leading the rise, yet the United States is following closely behind with a rising prevalence from 15% in 2005 to 25% within 5 years. NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD is constantly evolving. Based on NAFLD subtypes, it has the potential to progress into advanced fibrosis, end-stage liver disease and HCC. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis, is concerning because patients appear toexperience higher liver-related and non-liver-related mortality than the general population. The increased morbidity and mortality, healthcare costs and declining health related quality of life associated with NAFLD makes it a formidable disease, and one that requires more in-depth analysis. | Brandon J Perumpail Muhammad Ali Khan Eric R Yoo George Cholankeril Donghee Kim Aijaz Ahmed | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，47： | 70 |
| 2 | Gut microbiota,fatty liver disease,and hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Intestinal bacteria contribute to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Recently developed microbial profiling techniques are beginning to shed light on the nature of the changes in the gut microbiota that accompany NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).In this review,we summarize the role of gut microbiota in the development of NAFLD,NASH,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).We highlight the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contribute to NAFLD/NASH,including through alterations in gut epithelial permeability,choline metabolism,endogenous alcohol production,release of inflammatory cytokines,regulation of hepatic Toll-like receptor(TLR),and bile acid metabolism.In addition,we analyze possible mechanisms for enhanced hepatic carcinogenesis,including alterations in bile acid metabolism,release of inflammatory cytokines,and expression of TLR-4.Finally,we describe therapeutic approaches for NAFLD/NASH and preventive strategies for HCC involving modulation of the intestinal microbiota or affected host pathways.Although recent studies have provided useful information,large-scale prospective studies are required to better characterize the intestinal microbiota and metabolome,in order to demonstrate a causative role for changes in the gut microbiota in the etiology of NAFLD/NASH,to identify new therapeutic strategies for NAFLD/NASH,and to develop more effective methods of preventing HCC. | Huikuan Chu Brandon Williams Bernd Schnabl | 2018 | Liver Research2018，2，1： | 16 |
| 3 | Evolutionary Lineages and Functional Diversification of Plant Hexokinases显示文摘从 10 种类表演定序数据一个植物 hexokinase (HXK ) 家庭包含 511 基因。机能上地,一个给定的家庭能包括新陈代谢的催化剂,葡萄糖发信号蛋白质,和非催化的、明显的规章的酶相当或相同的事物。这研究有二个目标。第一个目的是开发一个预兆的方法决定在种以内的蛋白质有哪个 HXK 功能打字。第二个目的是决定 HXK 依赖的葡萄糖发信号蛋白质是否发生在更原始的植物之中,以及在被子植物之中。用一条分子的发展史途径,与选择试验性的测试结合了,我们发现非催化的 HXK 相当或相同的事物可能发生在所有植物,包括相对原始的 Selaginella moellendorffi。我们也发现被子植物 HXK 的不同的系为催化活动并且为指向的亚 cellular 有明显的保存特征。最高植物的 HXK 在线粒体主要被表示,与发生在发生在 cytosol 的一个 monocot 系的质体,和 HXK 的一个系的 HXK。用原物短暂表示试金,我们发现 HXK 葡萄糖发信号蛋白质在所有更高的植物并且在 S 多半发生。moellendorffi 也。因此,由在新陈代谢或作为规章的代谢物的植物 HXK isoforms 的葡萄糖的使用作为普遍、保存过程发生。 | Rucha Karve Michael Lauria Annie Virnig Xiaoxia Xia Bradley L. Rauh Brandon d. Moore | 2010 | Molecular Plant2010，3，2： | 15 |
| 4 | Disruptions in AUXl-Dependent Auxin Influx Alter Hypocotyl Phototropism in Arabidopsis显示文摘 | Bethany B. Stonea Emily L. Stowe-Evans Reneé M. Harper R. Brandon Celaya Karin Ljung Goran Sandbergc Emmanuel Liscum | 2008 | Molecular Plant2008，1，1： | 13 |
| 5 | Clinical translation of bioartificial liver support systems with human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic cells显示文摘There is currently a pressing need for alternative the-rapies to liver transplantation. The number of patients waiting for a liver transplant is substantially higher than the number of transplantable donor livers, resulting in a long waiting time and a high waiting list mortality. An extracorporeal liver support system is one possible approach to overcome this problem. However, the ideal cell source for developing bioartificial liver(BAL) support systems has yet to be determined. Recent advancements in stem cell technology allow researchers to generate highly functional hepatocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells(h PSCs). In this mini-review, we summarize previous clinical trials with different BAL systems, and discuss advantages of and potential obstacles to utilizing h PSC-derived hepatic cells in clinical-scale BAL systems. | Ryoichi Sakiyama Brandon J Blau Toshio Miki | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，11： | 13 |
| 6 | Factors associated with incomplete small bowel capsule endoscopy studies显示文摘AIM:To identify patient risk factors associated with incomplete small bowel capsule endoscopy(CE) studies.METHODS:Data from all CE procedures performed at St.Paul's Hospital in Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada,between December 2001 and June 2008 were collected and analyzed on a retrospective basis.Data collection for complete and incomplete CE study groups included patient demographics as well as a number of potential risk factors for incomplete CE including indication for the procedure,hospitalization,diabetes mellitus with or without end organ damage,limitations in mobility,renal insufficiency,past history of bowel obstruction,abdominal surgery,abdominal radiation therapy and opiate use.Risk factors were analyzed using a univariable and multivariable logistic regression model.RESULTS:From a total of 535 CE procedures performed,158 were incomplete(29.5%).The univariable analysis showed that CE procedures performed for overt gastrointestinal bleeding(P = 0.002),and for patients with a prior history of abdominal surgery(P = 0.023) or bowel obstruction(P = 0.023) were significantly associated with incomplete CE studies.Patients on opiate medications(P = 0.094) as well as hospitalized patients(P = 0.054) were not statistically significant,but did show a trend towards incomplete CE.The multivariable analysis showed that independent risk factors for an incomplete CE procedure include prior history of bowel obstruction [odds ratios(OR) 2.77,P = 0.02,95% confidence intervals(CI):1.17-6.56] and procedures performed for gastrointestinal bleeding(Occult OR 2.04,P = 0.037,95% CI:1.04-4.02 and Overt OR 2.69,P = 0.002,95% CI:1.44-5.05).Patients with a prior history of abdominal surgery(OR 1.46,P = 0.068,95% CI:0.97-2.19),those taking opiate medications(OR 1.54,P = 0.15,95% CI:0.86-2.76) and hospitalized patients(OR 1.82,P = 0.124,95% CI:0.85-3.93) showed a trend towards statistical significance.CONCLUSION:We have identified a number of risk factors for incomplete CE procedures that can be used to risk-stratify patients and guide interventions to improve completion rates. | Mitchell M Lee Andrew Jacques Eric Lam Ricky Kwok Pardis Lakzadeh Ajit Sandhar Brandon Segal Sigrid Svarta Joanna Law Robert Enns | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，42： | 10 |
| 7 | 不同种公牛精液对牛卵母细胞体外受精效果影响的研究显示文摘分别利用不同个体的海伏特、安格斯和荷斯坦种公牛精液进行体外受精 ,观察了不同品种不同个体种公牛精液的体外受精效果 .利用五种海伏特种公牛精液进行体外受精后卵裂率为 1 7.6%~ 74 .7% ,囊胚发育率为 1 .0 %~ 3 2 .6% ,不同个体间差异极显著 ( P<0 .0 1 ) .利用五种安格斯种公牛精液进行体外受精后卵裂率为 3 4 .7%~ 85.3 % ,囊胚发育率为 6.2 %~4 0 .5% ,不同个体间具极显著差异 ( P<0 .0 1 ) .利用三种荷斯坦种公牛精液进行体外受精后卵裂率为 61 .6%~ 76.4 % ,囊胚发育率为 1 2 .8%~ 1 5.6% ,无显著差异 .结果表明不同种公牛精液的体外受精效果具有显著差异 ,在用于体外受精时需认真选择 . | 刘东军 廛洪武 Mal Brandon 旭日干 | 2000 | 内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版)2000，31，3： | 9 |
| 8 | 石榴石晶体生长过程的生长动力学模型显示文摘本文开发了一种基于边界保角变换技术的有限元方法来研究熔体法石榴石晶体生长过程中界面动力学的影响。建立了一个可导致界面上小面形成的动力学模型,该模型可处理界面上粗糙面区域和光滑面区域共存的复杂情况。模型中小面区域的动力学系数与界面上的过冷度及取向角均有关。计算结果显示了小面的形成和界面上各向异性的过冷度分布。 | 刘永才 Simon Brandon | 1999 | 人工晶体学报1999，28，1： | 9 |
| 9 | 声波激励的超小型纳机电系统磁电天线显示文摘当前的小型天线依赖于电磁波的谐振,因此天线的尺寸与电磁波波长相关。典型的天线尺寸大于波长的1/10,而进一步缩小天线尺寸在近十年来都是一个公开的挑战。介绍一种通过悬浮铁氧/压电薄膜异质结构的声波激励纳机械磁电天线。这种磁电天线通过其在声波谐振频率处的磁电效应接收和发射电磁波。磁电天线中的体声波激发铁磁薄膜的磁化振荡,产生电磁波的辐射;反之,天线感应电磁波的磁场,得到压电电压输出。这种磁电天线(尺寸仅为波长的千分之一)比现有小型天线的尺寸小1到2个数量级,但性能却没有降低,在便携式无线通信系统中具有很大的应用潜力。 | Tianxiang Nan Hwaider Lin Yuan Gao Alexei Matyushov Guoliang Yu Huaihao Chen Neville Sun Shengjun Wei Zhiguang Wang Menghui Li Xinjun Wang Amine Belkessam Rongdi Guo Brian Chen James Zhou Zhenyun Qian Yu Hui Matteo Rinaldi Michael E.McConney BrANDon M.Howe Zhongqiang Hu John G.Jones Gail J.Brown Nian Xiang Sun 张建强(翻译) 陈鼎鼎(审校) | 2017 | 通信对抗2017，36，4： | 8 |
| 10 | 非酒精性脂肪性肝病与糖尿病显示文摘非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是从简单的脂肪变性(又名非酒精性脂肪肝)发展到非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)以及肝硬化、肝癌的一系列疾病谱。NAFLD反映了疾病严重程度的频谱性改变,它并非单一的代谢紊乱。本文从NAFLD的定义着手,讲述了肝脂肪变性的评估和量化,NAFLD的流行病学和发病机制,以及与NAFLD相关的内分泌代谢紊乱。饮食和肠道菌群可促进NAFLD的发生和发展。基于流行病学、饮食习惯和肥胖等相关因素,糖尿病与NAFLD之间关系密切,二者形成了恶性循环。饮食及药物干预可在一定程度上缓解NAFLD与糖尿病的发生及发展。 | Brandon Orr-Walker 谈力欣 许樟荣 | 2017 | 临床荟萃2017，32，8： | 8 |
| 11 | Characteristics and Inpatient Outcomes of Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome显示文摘Background and Aims:Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)are hepatobiliary diseases of presumed immune-mediated origin that have been shown to overlap.The aim of this retrospective trial was to use national data to examine the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with overlapping PBC and AIH(PBC/AIH).Methods:The National Inpatient Sample was used to identify hospitalized adult patients with PBC,AIH,and PBC/AIH from 2010 to 2014 by International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Edition Revision codes;patients with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection were excluded.Primary outcomes measures were in-hospital outcomes that included mortality,respiratory failure,septic shock,length of stay,and total hospital charges.Secondary outcomes were the clinical characteristics of PBC/AIH,including the comorbid extrahepatic autoimmune disease pattern and complications of cirrhosis.Results:A total of 3,478 patients with PBC/AIH were included in the study.PBC/AIH was associated with higher rates of Sjögren’s syndrome(p<0.001;p<0.001),lower rates of Crohn’s disease(p<0.05;p<0.05),and higher rates of cirrhosis-related complications when compared to PBC or AIH alone.There were similar rates of mortality between the PBC/AIH,PBC,and AIH groups.The PBC/AIH group had higher rates of septic shock when compared to the PBC group(p<0.05)and AIH group(p<0.05)after adjusting for possible confounders.Conclusions:PBC/AIH is associated with a lower rate of Crohn’s disease,a higher rate of Sjögren’s syndrome,higher rates of cirrhosis-related complications,and significantly increased risk of septic shock compared to PBC and AIH individually. | Yi Jiang Bing-Hong Xu Brandon Rodgers Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos | 2021 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2021，9，3： | 7 |
| 12 | A Resource for Inactivation of MicroRNAs Using Short Tandem Target Mimic Technology in Model and Crop Plants显示文摘microRNAs (miRNAs)are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that bind to mRNAs and target them for cleavage and/or translational repression,leading to gene silencing.We previously developed short tandem target mimic (STTM)technology to deactivate endogenous miRNAs in Arabidopsis.Here,we created hundreds of STTMs that target both conserved and species-specific miRNAs in Arabidopsis,tomato,rice,and maize,providing a resource for the functional interrogation of miRNAs.We not only revealed the functions of several miRNAs in plant development,but also demonstrated that tissue-specific inactivation of a few miRNAs in rice leads to an increase in grain size without adversely affecting overall plant growth and development.RNA-seq and small RNAseq analyses of STTM156/157 and STTM165/166 transgenic plants revealed the roles of these miRNAs in plant hormone biosynthesis and activation,secondary metabolism,and ion-channel activity-associated electrophysiology,demonstrating that STTM technology is an effective approach for studying miRNA functions.To facilitate the study and application of STTM transgenic plants and to provide a useful platform for storing and sharing of information about miRNA-regulated gene networks,we have established an online Genome Browser (http://gffzzc750bc0108fa4044supnk056n6vp66vok.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/designindex2.php) to display the transcriptomic and miRNAomic changes in STTMinduced miRNA knockdown plants. | Ting Peng Mengmeng Qiao Haiping Liu Sachin Teotia Zhanhui Zhang Yafan Zhao Bobo Wang Dongjie Zhao Lina Shi Cui Zhang Brandon Le Kestrel Rogers Chathura Gunasekara Haitang Duan Yiyou Gu Lei Tian Jinfu Nie Jian Qi Fanrong Meng Lan Huang Qinghui Chen Zhenlin Wang Jinshan Tang Xiaoqing Tang Ting Lan Xuemei Chen Hairong Wei Quanzhi Zhao Guiliang Tang | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，11： | 7 |
| 13 | Advances in adjuvant systemic therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer显示文摘Non-small-cell lung cancer remains a leading cause of death around the world. For most cases, the only chance of cure comes from resection for localised disease, however relapse rates remain high following surgery. Data has emerged over recent years regarding the utility of adjuvant chemotherapy for improving disease-free and overall survival of patients following curative resection. This paper reviews the clinical trials that have been conducted in this area along with the studies integrating radiation therapy in the adjuvant setting. The role of prognostic gene signatures are reviewed as well as ongoing clinical trials including those incorporating biological or targeted therapies. | David Leong Rajat Rai Brandon Nguyen Andrew Lee Desmond Yip | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，4： | 7 |
| 14 | Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis severity is defined by a failure in compensatory antioxidant capacity in the setting of mitochondrial dysfunction显示文摘AIM To comprehensively evaluate mitochondrial(dys) function in preclinical models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS We utilized two readily available mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) with or without progressive fibrosis: Lep^(ob)/Lep^(ob)(ob/ob) and FATZO mice on high trans-fat, high fructose and high cholesterol(AMLN) diet. Presence of NASH was assessed using immunohistochemical and pathological techniques, and gene expression profiling. Morphological features of mitochondria were assessed via transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, and function was assessed by measuring oxidative capacity in primary hepatocytes, and respiratory control and proton leak in isolated mitochondria. Oxidative stress was measured by assessing activity and/or expression levels of Nrf1, Sod1, Sod2, catalase and 8-OHdG. RESULTS When challenged with AMLN diet for 12 wk, ob/ob and FATZO mice developed steatohepatitis in the presence of obesity and hyperinsulinemia. NASH development was associated with hepatic mitochondrial abnormalities, similar to those previously observed in humans, including mitochondrial accumulation and increased proton leak. AMLN diet also resulted in increased numbers of fragmented mitochondria in both strains of mice. Despite similar mitochondrial phenotypes, we found that ob/ob mice developed more advanced hepatic fibrosis. Activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) was increased in ob/ob AMLN mice, whereas FATZO mice displayed increased catalase activity, irrespective of diet. Furthermore, 8-OHd G, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, was significantly increased in ob/ob AMLN mice compared to FATZO AMLN mice. Therefore, antioxidant capacity reflected as the ratio of catalase:SOD activity was similar between FATZO and C57 BL6 J control mice, but significantly perturbed in ob/ob mice. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress, and/or the capacity to compensate for increased oxidative stress, in the setting of mitochondrial dysfunction, is a key factor for development of hepatic injury and fibrosis in these mouse models. | Michelle L Boland Stephanie Oldham Brandon B Boland Sarah Will Jean-Martin Lapointe Silvia Guionaud Christopher J Rhodes James L Trevaskis | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，16： | 7 |
| 15 | Potential therapeutic options for coronavirus disease 2019:using knowledge of past outbreaks to guide future treatment显示文摘In December 2019,initial cases of the novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)infection,termed coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),were first reported in Wuhan,China.[1]In humans,infections with the human coronavirus 229E,OC43,NL63,and HKU1 usually result in mild,selflimiting upper respiratory tract infections.However,other variants have rapid transmission rates and can cause severe respiratory syndrome and death.These variants include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARSCoV),Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV),and the current 2019-nCoV. | John Lin Jing Ouyang Xiao-Rong Peng Stephane Isnard Brandon Fombuena Jean-Pierre Routy Yao-Kai Chen | 2020 | Chinese Medical Journal2020，，11： | 6 |
| 16 | Kirigami-inspired,highly stretchable microsupercapacitor patches fabricated by laser conversion and cutting显示文摘The recent developments in material sciences and rational structural designs have advanced the field of compliant and deformable electronics systems.However,many of these systems are limited in either overall stretchability or areal coverage of functional components.Here,we design a construct inspired by Kirigami for highly deformable microsupercapacitor patches with high areal coverages of electrode and electrolyte materials.These patches can be fabricated in simple and efficient steps by laser-assisted graphitic conversion and cutting.Because the Kirigami cuts significantly increase structural compliance,segments in the patches can buckle,rotate,bend and twist to accommodate large overall deformations with only a small strain(<3%)in active electrode areas.Electrochemical testing results have proved that electrical and electrochemical performances are preserved under large deformation,with less than 2%change in capacitance when the patch is elongated to 382.5%of its initial length.The high design flexibility can enable various types of electrical connections among an array of supercapacitors residing in one patch,by using different Kirigami designs. | Renxiao Xu Anton Zverev Aaron Hung Caiwei Shen Lauren Irie Geoffrey Ding Michael Whitmeyer Liangjie Ren Brandon Griffin Jack Melcher Lily Zheng Xining Zang Mohan Sanghadasa Liwei Lin | 2018 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2018，4，1： | 6 |
| 17 | Bacteriophage M13 as a Scaffold for Preparing Conductive Polymeric Composite Fibers显示文摘Using biological templates to build one-dimensional functional materials holds great promise in developing nanosized electrical devices,sensors,catalysts,and energy storage units.In this communication,we report a versatile assembly process for the preparation of water-soluble conductive polyaniline(PANi)/M13 composite nanowires by employing the bacteriophage M13 as a template.The surface lysine residues of M13 can be derivatized with carboxylic groups to improve its binding ability to the aniline;the resulting modifi ed M13 is denoted as m-M13.Highly negatively-charged poly(sulfonated styrene)was used both as a dopant acid and a stabilizing agent to enhance the stability of the composite fi bers in aqueous solution.A transparent solution of the conductive PANi/m-M13 composite fi bers can be readily obtained without any further purifi cation step.The fi bers can be easily fabricated into thin conductive fi lms due to their high aspect ratio and good solubility in aqueous solution.This synthesis discloses a unique and versatile way of using bionanorods to produce composite fi brillar materials with narrow dispersity,high aspect ratio,and high processibility,which may have many potential applications in electronics,optics,sensing,and biomedical engineering. | Zhongwei Niu Michael ABruckman Brandon Harp Charlene MMello Qian Wang | 2008 | Nano Research2008，1，3： | 5 |
| 18 | Immunity Genes and Susceptibility to Otitis Media:A Comprehensive Review显示文摘Otitis media(OM) is a middle ear infection associated with inflammation and pain.This disease frequently afflicts humans and is the major cause of hearing loss worldwide.OM continues to be one of the most challenging diseases in the medical field due to its diverse host targets and wide range of clinical manifestations.Substantial morbidity associated with OM is further exacerbated by high frequency of recurrent infections leading to chronic suppurative otitis media(CSOM).Children have greater susceptibility to,and thus,suffer most frequently from OM,which can cause significant deterioration in quality of life.Genetic factors have been demonstrated,in large part by twin and family studies,to be key determinants of OM susceptibility.In this review,we summarize the current knowledge on immunity genes and selected variants that have been associated with predisposition to OM.In particular,polymorphisms in innate immunity and cytokine genes have been strongly linked with the risk of developing OM.Future studies employing state-of-the-art technologies,including next-generation sequencing(NGS),will aid in the identification of novel genes associated with susceptibility to OM.This,in turn,will open up avenues for identifying high-risk individuals and designing novel therapeutic strategies based on precise targeting of these genes. | Rahul Mittal Giannina Robalino Robert Gerring Brandon Chan Denise Yan M'hamed Grati Xue-Zhong Liu | 2014 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2014，41，11： | 5 |
| 19 | Magnetic and optical properties of NaGdF4:Nd^3+, Yb^3+, Tm^3+ nanocrystals with upconversion/downconversion luminescence from visible to the near-infrared second window显示文摘我们设计了并且综合 NaGdF <潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”> 4 :Nd3+, Yb <啜class=“ a-plus-plus ”>3+, Tm <啜class=“ a-plus-plus ”>3+有联合双模式的 downconversion ( DC )和 upconversion ( UC )的磁性的 nanophosphors 在 800 nm 刺激之上的光致发光。六角形阶段的 NaGdF < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 4 :Nd3+, Yb < 啜 class= “ a-plus-plus ” >3+, Tm < 啜 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 有一般水准的 3+ nanocrystals (NC ) 21 nm 的尺寸用一条 solvothermal 途径被综合。 Nd <啜class=“ a-plus-plus ”>3+, Yb <啜class=“ a-plus-plus ”>3+, Tm <啜class=“ a-plus-plus ”>3+做三元组的 NaGdF <潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”> 4 NC 展出盖住的大量光致发光山峰一近红外线第一/第二扇窗户( 860900 , 1,000 ,和 1,060 nm ),并且可见排放包括蓝色( 475 nm ),绿色( 520 和 542 nm )和在在 800 nm 的刺激以后的黄( 587 nm )。在 Gd 上包含精力的循环的机制 < 啜 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 是的 3+ sublattices 桥离子并且由起始的使活跃之物离子的最后的套住(Nd < 啜 class= “ a-plus-plus ” >3+) 被建议了。穿入深度研究显示 NIR 排放容易甚至在 10 公里的大织物厚度被检测。这些顺磁的 nanophosphors 在 20 kOe 和 1.2537 公里的纵的 relaxivity 价值表明 1.88 emu/g 的大磁化价值 < 啜 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 1 ??( | Xianwen Zhang Zhi Zhao Xin Zhang David B. Cordes Brandon Weeks Bensheng Qiu Kailasnath Madanan Dhiraj Sardar Jharna Chaudhuri | 2015 | Nano Research2015，8，2： | 5 |
| 20 | Taxane resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies显示文摘Despite its good initial response and significant survival benefit in patients with castrationresistant prostate cancer(CRPC), taxane therapy inevitably encounters drug resistance in all patients.Deep understandings of taxane resistant mechanisms can significantly facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome taxane resistance and improve CRPC patient survival. Multiple pathways of resistance have been identified as potentially crucial areas of intervention. First, taxane resistant tumor cells typically have mutated microtubule binding sites, varying tubulin isotype expression,and upregulation of efflux transporters. These mechanisms contribute to reducing binding affinity and availability of taxanes. Second, taxane resistant tumors have increased stem cell like characteristics,indicating higher potential for further mutation in response to therapy. Third, the androgen receptor pathway is instrumental in the proliferation of CRPC and multiple hypotheses leading to this pathway reactivation have been reported. The connection of this pathway to the AKT pathway has received significant attention due to the upregulation of phosphorylated AKT in CRPC. This review highlights recent advances in elucidating taxane resistant mechanisms and summarizes potential therapeutic strategies for improved treatment of CRPC. | Brandon Bumbaca Wei Li | 2018 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2018，8，4： | 4 |
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