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| 1 | The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Hirnantian Stage (the uppermost of the Ordovician System)显示文摘 | Xu Chen Jiayu Rong Junxuan Fan Renbin Zhan Charles E. Mitchell David A. T. Harper Michael J. Melchin Ping'an Peng Stan C. Finney Xiaofeng Wang | 2006 | Episodes2006，29，3： | 61 |
| 2 | Onset of the Kwangsian Orogeny as evidenced by biofacies and lithofacies显示文摘The onset timing of the Kwangsian Orogeny might differ among localities across South China.Refined stratigraphic works at different localities are necessary to reveal the details of this likely distinction.Recently,we recollected some graptolite specimens from the Ordovician Shixing and Longtouzhai formations(corresponding to the Longxi Formation of southern Jiangxi Province) at many localities in Guangdong Province.The palaeontological and biostratigraphical studies of these graptolite faunas indicate that the facies change from graptolitic shale to nearshore shallow-water,coarse clastics in Guangdong is slightly earlier than that in southern Jiangxi.This timing difference may imply a northward progression of the Kwangsian Orogeny.Based on the biostratigraphy and palaeontology of the Ordovician in the Zhujiang Basin(western part) and Chiangnan Slope Belt(including western Fujian,eastern Guangdong,northern Guangxi,northern Hunan,northeastern Jiangxi,southern Anhui,and western Zhejiang),the Sandbian to late Katian distribution and replacement of biofacies and lithofacies in the two regions are proposed and discussed,which display distinct features at different stages of the Kwangsian Orogeny. | CHEN Xu ZHANG YuanDong FAN JunXuan TANG Lan SUN HaiQing | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，10： | 31 |
| 3 | Ordovician graptolite-bearing strata in southern Jiangxi with a special reference to the Kwangsian Orogeny显示文摘The Ordovician graptolite sequence of the Yongxin-Chongyi area in southern Jiangxi was suggested as a standard for the correlation of Ordovician in the Zhujiang region of South China. Based on a restudy of the Upper Ordovician graptolites, the Shikou and Huamianlong formations are recognized herein as a part of the Hanjiang Formation, corresponding only to the Dipla-canthograptus caudatus-Diplacanthograptus spiniferus Zone. Two graptolite zones in the Longxi Formation of Yongxin and Chongyi, the Nemagraptus gracilis Zone and Climacograptus bicornis Zone, are redefined here. A rapid replacement of facies from the typical deep-water graptolitic black shale of Longxi Formation to the rapidly-accumulated, shallow-water clastic deposits of Hanjiang Formation indicates the tectonic initiation of the Kwangsian Orogeny. The thick clastic deposits of the Han-jiang Formation are proposed to come from a nearby source area that rose during the Kwangsian Orogeny. The D. caudatus-D. spiniferus graptolite Zone of the Hanjiang Formation indicates the initiation time of this tectonic event. | Xu Chen YuanDong Zhang JunXuan Fan JunFeng Cheng QiJian Li | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，11： | 29 |
| 4 | Biostratigraphy and geography of the Ordovician-Silurian Lungmachi black shales in South China显示文摘Based on the new material of seven Ordovician-Silurian boundary sections investigated recently, together with previously published data, we analyze the temporal and spatial distributions of the Lungmachi black shales, a key petroleum source bed widely distributed in South China. The Lungmachi black shales range in age from the Normalograptus persculptus Biozone of the uppermost Ordovician to the Spirograptus guerichi Biozone of the lower Telychian, and ten graptolite biozones can be recognized within this unit. The basal and upper contacts of the Lungmachi black shales are diachronous. The basal contact ranges from the N. persculptus to the C. cyphus biozones, a span of five graptolite biozones over two stages. The upper contact ranges from the D. pectinatus-M. argenteus Biozone to the Spirograptus guerichi Biozone, which spans four graptolite biozones over two stages. The Yichang Uplift resulted in the formation of the Hunan-Hubei Submarine High in the border area of Hubei, Hunan, and Chongqing. This is supported by a break in sedimentation in this area spanning all or part of the Hirnantian, and in many areas extending into the underlying Katian and overlying Rhuddanian. Comparison of the distribution of the Katian to Rhuddanian strata in this area indicates a growth and subsequent reduction in area of the Hunan-Hubei Submarine High particularly in the Hirnantian to early Rhuddanian. This may partly represent the influence of the process of formation and melting of ice sheet in Ordovician South Pole and consequent sea level change. | FAN JunXuan Michael J MELCHIN CHEN Xu WANG Yi ZHANG YuanDong CHEN Qing CHI ZhaoLi CHEN Feng | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，12： | 24 |
| 5 | Stage-progressive distribution pattern of the Lungmachi black graptolitic shales from Guizhou to Chongqing, Central China显示文摘The Lungmachi Formation is widely distributed in Guizhou, Chongqing and the adjacent area. It is important for the study of Silurian biostratigraphy and shale-gas investigation. Based on those biostratigraphically well-studied sections from Guiyang to Huayingshan, we reveal the stage-progressive distribution pattern of the Lungmachi black shales. The distribution of the Lungmachi black shales in the studying area can be subdivided into four geographic belts from the south to the north,reflecting the joint effect of regional and global environmental changes. The graptolite depth zonation model was adopted herein to infer the water depth of major graptolite assemblages from the black shales. The changes in the water depth indicate two major stages. The first stage is named the transgressive distribution stage which ranged from the Persculptograptus persculptus Biozone(LM1, upper Hirnantian) to the Coronograptus cyphus Biozone(LM5, upper Rhuddanian), an interval mostly controlled by global sea-level rise. The second stage, ranging from the Demirastrites triangulatus Biozone(LM6, lower Aeronian) to the Spirograptus guerichi Biozone(LM9, lower Telychian), is named the regressive shrinking stage, during which the black shales were gradually replaced by mixed-facies or carbonate sediments from the south to the north, representing the effects of the persistent uplifting of the Central Guizhou Oldland. | CHEN Xu FAN JunXuan WANG WenHui WANG HongYan NIE HaiKuan SHI XueWen WEN ZhiDong CHEN DongYang LI WenJie | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017，60，6： | 23 |
| 6 | The Central Guizhou and Yi-chang uplifts, Upper Yangtze region,between Ordovician and Silurian显示文摘The Central Guizhou and Yichang Uplifts are present in central Guizhou to western Hubei. Biostrati-graphic evidences from more than 20 sections in 14 counties of this region provide the data about the duration of these uplifts. Although this duration differs from locality to locality, it is mainly from Ashgillian to Rhuddanian. The uplifts result from a horizontally driven movement to the South China Paleoplate from an uncertain block in southeast. Global sea-level drop during the end of the Ordovician made the uplifts obvious, particularly the Central Guizhou Uplift.It might have emerged above sea level in the short interval between the Ordovician and Silurian. | CHEN Xu RONG Jiayu ZHOU Zhiyi ZHANG Yuandong ZHAN Renbin LIU Jianbo FAN Junxuan | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，18： | 17 |
| 7 | The Deep-Time Digital Earth program:data-driven discovery in geosciences显示文摘Current barriers hindering data-driven discoveries in deep-time Earth(DE)include:substantial volumes of DE data are not digitized;many DE databases do not adhere to FAIR(findable,accessible,interoperable and reusable)principles;we lack a systematic knowledge graph for DE;existing DE databases are geographically heterogeneous;a significant fraction of DE data is not in open-access formats;tailored tools are needed.These challenges motivate the Deep-Time Digital Earth(DDE)program initiated by the International Union of Geological Sciences and developed in cooperation with national geological surveys,professional associations,academic institutions and scientists around the world.DDE’s mission is to build on previous research to develop a systematic DE knowledge graph,a FAIR data infrastructure that links existing databases and makes dark data visible,and tailored tools for DE data,which are universally accessible.DDE aims to harmonize DE data,share global geoscience knowledge and facilitate data-driven discovery in the understanding of Earth’s evolution. | Chengshan Wang Robert MHazen Qiuming Cheng Michael HStephenson Chenghu Zhou Peter Fox Shu-zhong Shen Roland Oberhansli Zengqian Hou Xiaogang Ma Zhiqiang Feng Junxuan Fan Chao Ma Xiumian Hu Bin Luo Juanle Wang Craig M.Schiffries | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，9： | 14 |
| 8 | Toward a stepwise Kwangsian Orogeny显示文摘The Kwangsian Orogeny originated along the southeast coast of China and stepwise developed in a northwest direction.It includes two stages,a long locally varying uplift from the Late Ordovician to the early Silurian and a finally tectonic movement near the Silurian and Devonian transition.The Kwangsian uplift event shows a stepwise delay northwestwards from the southeastern coast area in Nemagraptus gracilis Biozone(Sa1)to the south side of the Xuefeng Mountains in or later than Cystograptus vesiculosus Biozone(R3)to Coronograptus cyphus Biozone(R4).In the southern of Yangtze Platform,the Yichang Uplift was droved by the Kwangsian Orogeny forming a diachronous stratigraphical break through Rhuddanian and Aeronian.The distribution of the early Telychian lower marine red beds indicates a northwestward increase of the Cathaysian Oldland.Stratigraphical evidence may explain why the Kwangsian movement was marked by an angular disconformity during the Pridoli to earliest Devonian interval. | CHEN Xu FAN JunXuan CHEN Qing TANG Lan HOU XuDong | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，3： | 13 |
| 9 | Principal aspects of the Ordovician biotic radiation显示文摘The Ordovician radiation is among the major bioevents in earth history that have drawn great attention from geologists all over the world, and there have been hundreds of publications treating various aspects of this radiation. The study of the event involves a broad spectrum of research fields and concerns many scientific questions. Many opinions and hypotheses have been proposed on the triggering and controlling factors of the radiation. Herein the authors critically review the study of the Ordovician radiation and dissect four principal aspects by synthesizing the studies over the past years: (1) relationships of the radiation to fossil clades, ecotypes, and environments, such as water depth, latitude, and climate; (2) the ecological structure and food webs of Ordovician marine organisms; (3) fossil records and true biodiversities; and (4) likely triggering and controlling factors of the Ordovician radiation. The authors also recommend approaches to furthering studies of these aspects. | ZHANG YuanDong,ZHAN RenBin,FAN JunXuan,CHENG JunFeng & LIU Xiao LPS, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，3： | 13 |
| 10 | Biostratigraphic correlation of the Ordovician black shales in Tarim Basin and its peripheral regions显示文摘Ordovician black shales are widely distributed in the Tarim Basin and its peripheral regions,and some of them may serve as potential hydrocarbon source rocks.The present study of the Ordovician graptolite fauna from these shales,together with the yielded conodonts and chitinozoans etc.,permits a refined correlation of the rocks.Based mainly on a new collecting of the graptolites and a study of the faunas in Kalpin and Kuruktag regions,and the successful identification of the new graptolite material from a few drill cores within the basin,we are able to update our knowledge of the Ordovician in the regions,and draw some conclusions:(1) The most widespread distribution of the black shales in the Tarim Basin and its peripheral regions,which correspond to the Nemagraptus gracilis Zone,may be related to a global sea-level rise during this time interval.(2) Black shales of Ordovician occur most frequently and extensively in the Kuruktag(also spelled as Quruq Tagh) region in east-ern Tianshan Mountains,spanning Tremadocian to mid-Katian(D.spiniferus Zone) temporally and extending southeastwards into Manjiaer Depression.The black shales of the D.spiniferus Zone may even extend into the central Tarim Basin.(3) Three different bio-and litho-facies belts(Bachu:carbonate platform and reef belt;Kalpin-Aksu:marginal platform and upper slope belt;Wushi:slope belt) are recognized in the northwestern Tarim Basin.(4) The internationally well-correlated Saergan black shale,which has been considered to possess high potential for hydrocarbon source rock,may possess a restricted distribution in the Kalpin and Aksu areas. | CHEN Xu ZHANG YuanDong LI Yue FAN JunXuan TANG Peng CHEN Qing ZHANG YuanYuan | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，8： | 8 |
| 11 | Paleogeographic evolution of the Lower Yangtze region and the break of the “platform-slope-basin” pattern during the Late Ordovician显示文摘Wide distribution of the black shales and diversification of the graptolite fauna in South China during the Late Ordovician resulted from its unique paleogeographic pattern, which was significantly affected by the paleogeographic evolution of the Lower Yangtze region. In the study, 120 Upper Ordovician sections from the Lower Yangtze region were collected, and a unified biostratigraphic framework has been applied to these sections to establish a reliable stratigraphic subdivision and correlation. Under the unified time framework, we delineate the distribution area of each lithostratigraphic unit, outline the boundary between the sea and land, and reconstruct the paleogeographic pattern for each graptolite zone. The result indicates that, with the uplift and expansion of the ‘Jiangnan Oldland' in the beginning of the late Katian, the oldland extended into the Yangtze Sea gradually from south to north, which finally separate the Jiangnan Slope and the Yangtze Platform. Consequently,the longstanding paleogeographic pattern of 'platform-slope-basin' in South China was broken. The paleogeographic change led to sedimentary differentiation among the two sides of the ‘Jiangnan Oldland' during the Late Ordovician. This event also led to the closure of the eastern exit of the Upper Yangtze Sea, and formed a semi-closed, limited and stagnant environment for the development of the organic-rich black shales during the Late Ordovician. The major controlling factors of these paleogeographic changes in the Lower Yangtze region were not consistent from the Katian to the Hirnantian. In the late Katian, the sedimentary differentiation between the east and west sides mostly resulted from regional tectonic movement-the Kwangsian Orogeny.However, during the Hirnantian, the whole Yangtze region became shallower, which was mostly influenced by the concentration of the Gondwana ice sheet and the consequent global sea level drop. | Qing CHEN Junxuan FAN Linna ZHANG Xu CHEN | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，5： | 5 |
| 12 | Geoscience knowledge graph in the big data era显示文摘Since the beginning of the 21 st century,the geoscience research has been entering a significant transitional period with the establishment of a new knowledge system as the core and with the drive of big data as the means.It is a revolutionary leap in the research of geoscience knowledge discovery from the traditional encyclopedic discipline knowledge system to the computer-understandable and operable knowledge graph.Based on adopting the graph pattern of general knowledge representation,the geoscience knowledge graph expands the unique spatiotemporal features to the Geoscience knowledge,and integrates geoscience knowledge elements,such as map,text,and number,to establish an all-domain geoscience knowledge representation model.A federated,crowd intelligence-based collaborative method of constructing the geoscience knowledge graph is developed here,which realizes the construction of high-quality professional knowledge graph in collaboration with global geo-scientists.We also develop a method for constructing a dynamic knowledge graph of multi-modal geoscience data based on in-depth text analysis,which extracts geoscience knowledge from massive geoscience literature to construct the latest and most complete dynamic geoscience knowledge graph.A comprehensive and systematic geoscience knowledge graph can not only deepen the existing geoscience big data analysis,but also advance the construction of the high-precision geological time scale driven by big data,the compilation of intelligent maps driven by rules and data,and the geoscience knowledge evolution and reasoning analysis,among others.It will further expand the new directions of geoscience research driven by both data and knowledge,break new ground where geoscience,information science,and data science converge,realize the original innovation of the geoscience research and achieve major theoretical breakthroughs in the spatiotemporal big data research. | Chenghu ZHOU Hua WANG Chengshan WANG Zengqian HOU Zhiming ZHENG Shuzhong SHEN Qiuming CHENG Zhiqiang FENG Xinbing WANG Hairong LV Junxuan FAN Xiumian HU Mingcai HOU Yunqiang ZHU | 2021 | Science China Earth Sciences2021，64，7： | 4 |
| 13 | Silurian integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China显示文摘Silurian is a period with the shortest duration in Phanerozoic except for the Neogene and Quaternary. It represents an important and unique interval when the biotic diversity recovered quickly after the end-Ordovician mass extinction, different paleoplates or terranes conjoined, big oceans disappeared or narrowed, climate and sea level changed frequently, global biotic provincialism became weaker, some primitive plants started to occupy the land. Silurian is also the first system of which all the chronostratigraphic stratotypes(i.e. the GSSPs) including four series and seven stages were established by the International Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy(ISSS). Nonetheless, during the post-GSSP studies conducted by ISSS in the middle1980 s, some Silurian GSSPs were found to have some congenital defects such as no index fossils available that hinder the high resolution subdivision and correlation on a regional or global scale. In this paper, based on the latest development of Silurian study in China, the progress in biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, event stratigraphy(such as facies differentiation, heterochrony of black shales, marine red beds, carbonate rocks and reefs), chemostratigraphy, and tectonic stratigraphy(e.g., widespread of the late Silurian rocks in South China and its tectonic implication) are systematically summarized. Some existing problems and the areas to be focused in future work are also discussed. It is suitable for chronostratigraphic study to concentrate not only on the boundary but also doing multidisciplinary analysis on the biotic, chemical, magnetic, environmental, and chronologic aspects, in order to enhance the reliability and the potential for regional and global correlation of a certain GSSP.Some important achievements are expected in these areas in the Silurian study in China:(1) ecostratigraphy and basin analysis of the Llandovery, and the correlation of integrative stratigraphy with a high resolution;(2) establishment of the Wenlock to Pridoli chronostratigraphic framework;(3) the chemo-and magnetic stratigraphy and the age of some key intervals and horizons;(4)further investigation on paleogeography and plate tectonics; and(5) origin and early evolution of the terrestrial ecosystem. Some new breakthroughs might occur in the restudy on some of those problematic GSSPs of some particular series and stages. | Jiayu RONG Yi WANG Renbin ZHAN Junxuan FAN Bing HUANG Peng TANG Yue LI Xiaole ZHANG Rongchang WU Guangxu WANG Xin WEI | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Carbon isotopes and event stratigraphy near the Ordovician–Silurian boundary, Yichang, South China显示文摘 | Junxuan Fan Ping’an Peng M.J. Melchin | 2009 | Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology2009，，1： | 1 |
| 15 | How to Build a High-Resolution Digital Geological Timeline?显示文摘1 QUESTION FORMULATION Time and space are the two basic axes to characterize the existence of matter. Without time, there would be no rate(“No dates, No rates”). The Earth has a history of approximately 4.5 billion years, leaving behind a myriad of geological records,and the geologic timeline is the only common language available to unravel the evolutionary history of the Earth. | Shuzhong Shen Junxuan Fan Xiangdong Wang Feifei Zhang Yukun Shi Shuhan Zhang | 2022 | Journal of Earth Science2022，33，6： | 0 |
| 16 | Age of the Silurian Lower Red Beds in South China:Stratigraphical Evidence from the Sanbaiti Section显示文摘The age of the Silurian Lower Red Beds in the Upper Yangtze region remains debatable.Twenty-four samples were collected for conodont biostratigraphical studies from the Paiyunan Formation in the Sanbaiti Section,Huaying,Sichuan Province.The conodont fauna from the Paiyunan Formation,together with the graptolites from the underlying Lungmachi Formation,indicates that the Lower Red Beds at Sanbaiti correspond to the lower Telychian.Comparative analysis indicates that most exposures of the Lower Red Beds in the Upper Yangtze region can be assigned,in general,to the Telychian Stage,except for several localities,where the Lower Red Beds can be roughly dated as an interval between the upper Aeronian and lower Telychian. | Zhongyang Chen Peep Mannik Junxuan Fan Chengyuan Wang Qing Chen Zongyuan Sun Dongyang Chen Chao Li | 2021 | Journal of Earth Science2021，32，3： | 0 |
| 17 | A comprehensive construction of the domain ontology for stratigraphy显示文摘Stratigraphic knowledge,the cornerstone of geoscience,needs to be represented by the Knowledge Graph based upon ontology,in order to apply the state-of-the-art big-data techniques.This study aims to comprehensively construct the ontologies for the stratigraphic domain.This has been achieved by a federated,crowd intelligence-based collaboration among domain experts of major stratigraphic subdisciplines.The initial step is to enumerate key terms from authoritative references and incorporate them into the Geoscience Professional Knowledge Graphs(GPKGs)of Deep-time Digital Earth Project.During this process,semantic heterogeneities were meticulously addressed by professional judgement aided by an automatic detection of Homonyms at the GPKGs platform.Afterwards,these terms were further differentiated as either classes or properties and arranged in a hierarchical framework in a top-down process.Consequently,seven ontologies are constructed for major stratigraphic branches,i.e.,Lithostratigraphy,Biostratigraphy,Chronostratigraphy,Chemostratigraphy,Magnetostratigraphy,Cyclostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy.The ontology of Biostratigraphy,among them,is elaborated here,as no biostratigraphic ontology has been attempted before to our knowledge.The constructed biostratigraphic ontology comprises following major root classes:Fossil,Biostratigraphic unit,Biostratigraphic horizon.Altogether,they contribute to the eventual dating and correlating of strata in another root class:Biostratigraphic correlation.In summary,the achievements of this study are probably heretofore the most comprehensive ontologies for the stratigraphic domain.Moreover,a proto model of semantic search engine was conceived to discuss potential application of our work for better querying stratigraphic references,utilizing the semantic liaison of the classes in the constructed ontologies. | Huiqing Xu Yingying Zhao Hao Huang Shaochun Dong Yukun Shi Chunju Huang Huaichun Wu Zhiqi Qian Qiang Fang Huaguo Wen Zhongtang Su Shuang Dai Ronghua Wang Chao Li Chao Sun Junxuan Fan | 2023 | Geoscience Frontiers2023，14，5： | 0 |
| 18 | Paleobiogeographic Knowledge Graph:An Ongoing Work with Fundamental Support for Future Research显示文摘Paleobiogeography investigates geographical distributions of fossil organisms and controlling factors that affect their distributions in geological history,to reveal the macro-evolution and coordinated development of life and the environment.It is a crucial window for understanding the biosphere and the geographical environment.After two centuries of development,paleobiogeographic studies have led to the accumulation of significant amounts of knowledge and data;however,the voluminous outputs present the characteristics of an“isolated island”with a scattered,limited number of authoritative definitions of terminologies and semantic heterogeneity among them.This makes data queries cumbersome,the rate of data reuse low,and data sharing more difficult.A knowledge graph(KG)has the advantage of expressing concepts and their semantic relations,which is an important tool for achieving data organization and fusion,and data mining;further,it is also a key technology for realizing the unrestricted sharing of paleobiogeographic information.Through our efforts over the past two years,a paleobiogeographic KG was developed based on the established construction procedure of the KG,which contains 273 concepts,172 properties,and 47 rules.Meanwhile,the completion of this KG and the construction of a paleobiogeographic platform for display and analysis are now being carried out. | Linna Zhang Zhangshuai Hou Boheng Shen Qing Chen Shaochun Dong Junxuan Fan | 2023 | Journal of Earth Science2023，34，5： | 0 |
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