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| 1 | Photoperiod-and temperature-mediated control of the ethylene response and winter dormancy induction in Prunus mume显示文摘Plant dormancy is essential for perennial plant survival.Different genotypes of Prunus mume,including Eumume group and Apricot Mei group,undergo leaf senescence and dormancy at different times.In order to verify the cold resistance of P.mume,freeze resistance evaluation was carried out.Our results showed that Apricot Mei group had a stronger freezing tolerance than Eumume group and that leaf senescence and dormancy of Apricot Mei group occurred at an earlier period before winter.Based on phenotypic data in response to seasonal climate change,the significant candidate regions were selected using GWAS.Furthermore,through KEGG pathway and qRT-PCR analyses,we found that the ethylene-related genes,including PmEIL(Pm002057)and PmERF(Pm004265),were significantly upregulated in‘Songchun’Mei(Apricot Mei group)and downregulated in‘Zaohua Lve’Mei(Eumume group).Ethylene-related genes expression models showed that ethylene may be indirectly involved in the induction of dormancy.The PmEIL and PmERF genes were the core genes of the ethylene signal transduction pathway and were regulated by the exogenous ACC or PZA compounds.For non-dormant or weekly dormant perennial plants,application of ACC was able to induce plant dormancy and thus enhance cold/freeze tolerance.Overall,the expression of the major ethylene genes played a significant role in dormancy induction and freezing tolerance in P.mume;accordingly,application of ACC and PZA compounds were an effective approach for enhancing cold/freeze of tolerance of woody plant. | Ping Li Tangchun Zheng Xiaokang Zhuo Man Zhang Xue Yong Lulu Li Jia Wang Tangren Cheng Qixiang Zhang | 2021 | Horticultural Plant Journal2021，7，3： | 6 |
| 2 | Transcriptome profiles reveal that gibberellin-related genes regulate weeping traits in crape myrtle显示文摘Plant architecture includes vital traits that influence and benefit crops,and economically important trees.Different plant architectures provide natural beauty.Weeping ornamental plants are aesthetically appealing to people.The regulatory mechanism controlling the weeping trait is poorly understood in crape myrtle.To investigate the weeping trait mechanism,transcriptional profiling of different organs in weeping and upright crape myrtle was performed based on phenotype.Phenotypic and histological analyses demonstrated that endodermal cells were absent,and that new shoot phenotypes could be rescued by the GA3 treatment of weeping plants.The transcriptional analysis and coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)of differentially expressed genes indicated that GA synthesis and signal transduction pathways play a role in weeping traits.When the expression level of a negative element of GA signaling,LfiGRAS1,was reduced by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),new branches grew in infected plants in a negatively geotropic manner.An integrated analysis implied that GA had a strong influence on weeping crape myrtle by interacting with other factors.This study helps to elucidate the mechanism governing the weeping trait and can improve the efficiency of breeding in Lagerstroemia. | Suzhen Li Tangchun Zheng Xiaokang Zhuo Zhuojiao Li Lulu Li Ping Li Like Qiu Huitang Pan Jia Wang Tangren Cheng Qixiang Zhang | 2020 | Horticulture Research2020，7，1： | 5 |
| 3 | Expansion of PmBEAT genes in the Prunus mume genome induces characteristic floral scent production显示文摘Prunus mume is the only plant in the genus Prunus of the Rosaceae family with a characteristic floral scent,and the main component of this scent is benzyl acetate.By contrast,benzyl acetate is not synthesized in Prunus persica flowers.Here,we searched for benzyl alcohol acetyltransferase(BEAT)genes based on genomic data from P.mume and P.persica and found 44 unique PmBEATs in P.mume.These genes,which were mainly detected in clusters on chromosomes,originated from gene duplication events during the species evolution of P.mume,and retroduplication and tandem duplication were the two dominant duplication patterns.The genes PmBEAT34,PmBEAT36 and PmBEAT37,which were generated by tandem duplication,were highly expressed in flowers,and their highest levels were detected during the blooming stage.In vitro,PmBEAT34,PmBEAT3,and PmBEAT37 all had benzyl alcohol acetyltransferase activity that was localized in the cytoplasm.Overexpression of the PmBEAT36 or PmBEAT37 genes increased benzyl acetate production in the petal protoplasts of P.mume,and interference in the expression of these genes slightly decreased the benzyl acetate content.In addition,light and temperature regulated the expression of the PmBEAT34,PmBEAT36 and PmBEAT37 genes.According to these results,we hypothesize that the expansion of the PmBEAT genes in the genome induce the characteristic floral scent of P.mume. | Fei Bao Anqi Ding Tengxun Zhang Le Luo Jia Wang Tangren Cheng Qixiang Zhang | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 4 |
| 4 | Establishment and Verification of An Efficient Virus-induced Gene Silencing System in Forsythia显示文摘To understand the functional identification of large-scale genomic sequences in Forsythia,tobacco rattle virus(TRV)-mediated virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),suitable for the plant,was explored in this study.The results showed that the TRV-mediated VIGS system could be successfully used in Forsythia for silencing the reporter gene FsPDS(Forsythia phytoene desaturase)using stem infiltration and leaf infiltrationmethods.All the treated plants were pruned below the injection site after 7–15 d infection;the FsPDS was silenced and typical photobleaching symptoms were observed in newly sprouted leaves at the whole-plant level.Meanwhile,this system has been successfully tested and verified through virus detection and qRT-PCR analysis.After the optimization,Forsythia magnesium chelatase subunit H(FsChlH)was silenced successfully in Forsythia using this system,resulting in yellow leaveswith decreased chlorophyll content.The system was stable,highly efficient and had greater rapidity and convenience,which made it suitable to study the function of genes related to physiological pathways such as growth and development,and metabolic regulation in Forsythia. | Jianshuang Shen Weijia Si Yutong Wu Yang Xu Jia Wang Tangren Cheng Qixiang Zhang Huitang Pan | 2021 | Horticultural Plant Journal2021，7，1： | 3 |
| 5 | Genome-wide investigation of the bZIP transcription factor gene family in Prunus mume:Classification, evolution, expression profile and low-temperature stress responses显示文摘Prunus mume is an important woody plant that has high ornamental and economic value, widely distributed and used in landscape architecture in East Asia. In plants, basic(region) leucine zipper(bZIP) transcription factors play important regulatory roles in growth, development,dormancy and abiotic stress. To date, bZIP transcription factors have not been systematically studied in P. mume. In this study, 49 bZIP genes were first identified in P. mume, and the PmbZIP family was divided into 12 groups according to the grouping principles for the Arabidopsis thaliana bZIP family. For the first time, we constructed a detailed model of the PmbZIP domains(R-x_(3)–N-(x)_7-R/K-x_(2)-K-x_(6)-L-x_(6)-L-_(6)-L). Phylogenetic and synteny analyses showed that PmbZIPs duplication events might have occurred during the large-scale genome duplication events. A relatively short time of speciation and the finding that 91.84% of the bZIP genes formed orthologous pairs between P. mume and Prunus armeniaca provided evidence of a close relationship. Gene expression patterns were analysed in different tissues and periods, indicating that PmbZIP genes with the same motifs exhibited similar expression patterns. The gene expression results showed that PmbZIP31/36/41 genes played a more prominent role in the response to freezing stress than cold stress. The expression level of almost all subset Ⅲ genes was upregulated under freezing treatment, especially after cold exposure. We analysed the gene expression patterns of PmbZIP12/31/36/41/48 and their responses to low-temperature stress, which provided useful resources for future studies on the cold/freezing-tolerant molecular breeding of P. mume. | Ping Li Tangchun Zheng Lulu Li Jia Wang Tangren Cheng Qixiang Zhang | 2022 | Horticultural Plant Journal2022，8，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Genome assembly and resequencing analyses provide new insights into the evolution, domestication and ornamental traits of crape myrtle显示文摘Crape myrtle(Lagerstroemia indica)is a globally used ornamental woody plant and is the representative species of Lagerstroemia.However,studies on the evolution and genomic breeding of L.indica have been hindered by the lack of a reference genome.Here we assembled the first high-quality genome of L.indica using PacBio combined with Hi-C scaffolding to anchor the 329.14-Mb genome assembly into 24 pseudochromosomes.We detected a previously undescribed independent whole-genome triplication event occurring 35.5 million years ago in L.indica following its divergence from Punica granatum.After resequencing 73 accessions of Lagerstroemia,the main parents of modern crape myrtle cultivars were found to be L.indica and L.fauriei.During the process of domestication,genetic diversity tended to decrease in many plants,but this was not observed in L.indica.We constructed a high-density genetic linkage map with an average map distance of 0.33 cM.Furthermore,we integrated the results of quantitative trait locus(QTL)using genetic mapping and bulk segregant analysis(BSA),revealing that the major-effect interval controlling internode length(IL)is located on chr1,which contains CDL15,CRG98,and GID1b1 associated with the phytohormone pathways.Analysis of gene expression of the red,purple,and white flower-colour flavonoid pathways revealed that differential expression of multiple genes determined the flower colour of L.indica,with white flowers having the lowest gene expression.In addition,BSA of purple-and green-leaved individuals of populations of L.indica was performed,and the leaf colour loci were mapped to chr12 and chr17.Within these intervals,we identified MYB35,NCED,and KAS1.Our genome assembly provided a foundation for investigating the evolution,population structure,and differentiation of Myrtaceae species and accelerating the molecular breeding of L.indica. | Yang Zhou Tangchun Zheng Ming Cai Lu Feng Xiufeng Chi Ping Shen Xin Wang Zhiting Wan Cunquan Yuan Man Zhang Yu Han Jia Wang Huitang Pan Tangren Cheng Qixiang Zhang | 2023 | Horticulture Research2023，10，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Genome-wide identification and analysis of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes in Prunus mume显示文摘 | Dongliang Du Qixiang Zhang Tangren Cheng Huitang Pan Weiru Yang Lidan Sun | 2013 | Molecular Biology Reports2013，，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Genome-Wide Analysis of the AP2/ERF Gene Family in Prunus mume显示文摘 | Dongliang Du Ruijie Hao Tangren Cheng Huitang Pan Weiru Yang Jia Wang Qixiang Zhang | 2013 | Plant Molecular Biology Reporter2013，，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Ultralow-crosstalk,strictly non-blocking microring-based optical switch显示文摘We report on the first monolithically integrated microring-based optical switch in the switch-and-select architecture. The switch fabric delivers strictly non-blocking connectivity while completely canceling the first-order crosstalk. The 4 × 4 switching circuit consists of eight silicon microring-based spatial(de-)multiplexers interconnected by a Si/SiN dual-layer crossing-free central shuffle. Analysis of the on-state and off-state power transfer functions reveals the extinction ratios of individual ring resonators exceeding 25 dB, leading to switch crosstalk suppression of up to over 50 dB in the switch-and-select topology. Optical paths are assessed, showing losses as low as 0.1 dB per off-resonance ring and 0.5 dB per on-resonance ring. Photonic switching is actuated with integrated micro-heaters to give an ~24 GHz passband. The fully packaged device is flip-chip bonded onto a printed circuit board breakout board with a UV-curved fiber array. | QIXIANG CHENG LIANG YUAN DAI NATHAN C.ABRAMS YU-HAN HUNG PADRAIC E.MORRISSEY MADELEINE GLICK PETER O’BRIEN KEREN BERGMAN | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Targeting tumor endothelial hyperglycolysis enhances immunotherapy through remodeling tumor microenvironment显示文摘Vascular abnormality is a hallmark of most solid tumors and facilitates immune evasion.Targeting the abnormal metabolism of tumor endothelial cells(TECs)may provide an opportunity to improve the outcome of immunotherapy.Here,in comparison to vascular endothelial cells from adjacent peritumoral tissues in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC),TECs presented enhanced glycolysis with higher glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)expression.Then an unbiased screening identified that osimertinib could modify the GAPDH and thus inhibit its activity in TECs.Low-dose osimertinib treatment caused tumor regression with vascular normalization and increased infiltration of immune effector cells in tumor,which was due to the reduced secretion of lactate from TECs by osimertinib through the inhibition of GAPDH.Moreover,osimertinib and anti-PD-1 blockade synergistically retarded tumor growth.This study provides a potential strategy to enhance immunotherapy by targeting the abnormal metabolism of TECs. | Yunlong Shan Qi Ni Qixiang Zhang Mengying Zhang Bin Wei Lingge Cheng Chongjin Zhong Xinyu Wang Qingqing Wang Jiali Liu Jingwei Zhang Jingjing Wu Guangji Wang Fang Zhou | 2022 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2022，12，4： | 0 |
| 11 | The genomics of ornamental plants: current status and opportunities显示文摘With the rapid development of sequencing technologies,followed by the reduction of sequencing cost,numerous ornamental plants have been sequenced,resulting in their genomic studies shifting from gene cloning and marker development to whole genome profiling.A profound understanding of genome structure and function at the whole genome level can not only help to modify ornamental traits,such as fragrance,color and flower shape,through genetic engineering,but also infer the genetic relationship and evolutionary history of ornamental plants via comparative genomics analysis.In this paper,we review the current situation of sequencing strategies and the application of genomics to study the origin and evolution of ornamental plants.We highlight challenges of ornamental plant genomic research.The use of cutting-edge technologies,such as genomics,gene editing and molecular design polymerization breeding,can facilitate our understanding of genetic regulation mechanisms and the germplasm innovation of important traits in ornamental plants.The results can be expected to significantly increase the breeding efficiency of ornamental plants. | Mingyu Li Zhenying Wen Juan Meng Tangren Cheng Qixiang Zhang Lidan Sun | 2022 | Ornamental Plant Research2022，2，1： | 0 |
| 12 | Modulation of neuronal activity of cerebellar fastigial nucleus by locus coeruleus stimulation in the rat显示文摘The effects of stimulating locus coeruleus (LC) on neuronal activity of cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) was investigated. Stimulation of LC elicited inhibitory, excitatory and biphasic (inhibition-excitation) responses from FN cells. The majority of responsive cells showed an inhibitory response with a latency of less than 10 ms. Injection of α adrenoreceptor antagonists phentolamine (ⅳ) could block the inhibitory response of FN cells to the LC stimulation, but propranolol (ⅳ), a β adrenoreceptor antagonist, could not. These results suggest that LC-cerebellar noradrenergic afferent fibers may be involved in the cerebellar sensorimotor integration process by exerting their modulatory action on the cerebellar nuclear cells’ activities. | Wang Tao Wang Jianjun Cheng Hong Li Hongzhao Yu Qixiang | 1998 | Chinese Science Bulletin1998，43，11： | 0 |
| 13 | Identifying Qingkailing(清开灵)ingredients-dependent mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor-axiation“π”structuring module with angiogenesis and neurogenesis effects显示文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the functional role of the drugdependent mesenchymal-epithelial transition(Met)-axiation'π'structural module of neurogenesis after processing by three components of Qingkailing injection in neurogenesis and angiogenesis in cerebral ischemia.METHODS:We used a Glutathione S-transferase(GST)-pull down assay,isothermal titration calorimetry assay,and other related methods to identify the relationships among Met,inositol polyphosphate phosphatase like 1(Inppl1),and death associated protein kinase 3(Dapk3)in this allosteric module.The biological effects of the modules of neurons generation composed of Met,Inppl1,and Dapk3 were measured through Western blot,apoptosis analysis,and double immunofluorescence labeling.RESULTS:The GST-pull down assay revealed that proline-serine-threonine rich domain of Met binds to the Src homology domain of Inppl1 to form a protein-protein complex;Dapk3 with a C-terminal domain interacts weakly with the protein kinase C domain of Met in the intracellular region.Thus,we obtained a“π”structuring module considered a neural regeneration module.The biological effects of angiogenesis and neurogenesis modules composed of Met,Inppl1,and Dapk3 were also verified.CONCLUSION:The study suggested that understanding the functional modules that contribute to pharmaceutics might provide novel signatures that can be used as endpoints to define disease processes under stroke or cerebral ischemia conditions. | CHENG Kunming YUAN Jianan LIU Jun ZHANG Shengpeng XU Qixiang XIE Yong ZHAO Jingfeng ZHANG Xiaoxu TANG Xudong ZHENG Yongqiu WANG Zhong | 2024 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2024，44，1： | 0 |
| 14 | Iterative photonic processor for fast complexvalued matrix inversion显示文摘An N×N iterative photonic processor is proposed for the first time, we believe, for fast computation of complexvalued matrix inversion, a fundamental but computationally expensive linear algebra operation. Compared to traditional digital electronic processing, optical signal processing has a few unparalleled features that could enable higher representational efficiency and faster computing speed. The proposed processor is based on photonic integration platforms–the inclusion of Ⅲ-V gain blocks offers net neutral loss in the phase-sensitive loops. This is essential for the Richardson iteration method that is adopted in this paper for complex linear systems. Wavelength multiplexing can be used to significantly improve the processing efficiency, allowing the computation of multiple columns of the inverse matrix using a single processor core. Performances of the key building blocks are modeled and simulated, followed by a system-level analysis, which serves as a guideline for designing an N×N Richardson iteration processor. An inversion accuracy of>98%can be predicted for a 64×64 photonic processor with a>80times faster inversion rate than electronic processors. Including the power consumed by both active components and electronic circuits, the power efficiency of the proposed processor is estimated to be over an order of magnitude more energy-efficient than electronic processors. The proposed iterative photonic integrated processor provides a promising solution for future optical signal processing systems. | MINJIA CHEN QIXIANG CHENG MASAFUMI AYATA MARK HOLM RICHARD PENTY | 2022 | Photonics Research2022，10，11： | 0 |
| 15 | Bridging the gap between resonance and adiabaticity:a compact and highly tolerant vertical coupling structure显示文摘We present a compact,highly tolerant vertical coupling structure,which can be a generic design that bridges the gap between conventional resonant couplers and adiabatic couplers for heterogeneously integrated devices.We show insights on relaxing the coupler alignment tolerance and provide a detailed design methodology.By the use of a multisegmented inverse taper structure,our design allows a certain proportion of the odd supermode to be excited during the coupling process,which simultaneously facilitates high tolerance and compactness.With a total length of 87μm,our coupler is almost threefold shorter than the state-of-the-art alignment-tolerant adiabatic couplers and outperforms them by demonstrating a more than 94%coupling efficiency(for<0.3 d B coupling loss)with±1μm misalignment tolerance,which,to our best knowledge,is a new record for III-V-on-silicon vertical couplers.Furthermore,our design has high tolerance to fabrication-induced structural deformation and ultrabroad bandwidth.These features make it particularly suitable for building densely integrated III-V-onsilicon photonic circuits with commercially available microtransfer printing assembly tools.The proposed design can be widely adopted in various integration platforms. | CHUNHUI YAO QIXIANG CHENG GüNTHER ROELKENS RICHARD PENTY | 2022 | Photonics Research2022，10，9： | 0 |
| 16 | Broadband picometer-scale resolution on-chip spectrometer with reconfigurable photonics显示文摘Miniaturization of optical spectrometers is important to enable spectroscopic analysis to play a role in in situ,or even in vitro and in vivo characterization systems.However,scaled-down spectrometers generally exhibit a strong trade-off between spectral resolution and operating bandwidth,and are often engineered to identify signature spectral peaks only for specific applications.In this paper,we propose and demonstrate a novel global sampling strategy with distributed filters for generating ultra-broadband pseudo-random spectral responses.The geometry of all-pass ring filters is tailored to ensure small self-and cross-correlation for effective information acquisition across the whole spectrum,which dramatically reduces the requirement on sampling channels.We employ the power of reconfigurable photonics in spectrum shaping by embedding the engineered distributed filters.Using a moderate mesh of MZls,we create 256 diverse spectral responses on a single chip and demonstrate a resolution of 20 pm for single spectral lines and 30 pm for dual spectral lines over a broad bandwidth of 115 nm,to the best of our knowledge achieving a new record of bandwidth-to-resolution ratio.Rigorous simulations reveal that this design will readily be able to achieve single-picometer-scale resolution.We further show that the reconfigurable photonics provides an extra degree of programmability,enabling user-defined features on resolution,computation complexity,and relative error.The use of SiN integration platform enables the spectrometer to exhibit excellent thermal stability of±2.0℃,effectively tackling the challenge of temperature variations at picometer-scale resolutions. | Chunhui Yao Minja Chen Ting Yan Liang Ming Qixiang Cheng Richard Penty | 2023 | Light(Science & Applications)2023，12，7： | 0 |
| 17 | Identification of the PmWEEP locus controlling weeping traits in Prunus mume through an integrated genome-wide association study and quantitative trait locus mapping显示文摘Weeping Prunus mume(mei)has long been cultivated in East Asia for its specific ornamental value.However,little is known about the regulatory mechanism of the weeping trait in mei,which limits molecular breeding for the improvement of weeping-type cultivars.Here,we quantified the weeping trait in mei using nested phenotyping of 214 accessions and 342 F 1 hybrids.Two major associated loci were identified from the genome-wide association study(GWAS),which was conducted using 3,014,409 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)derived from resequencing,and 8 QTLs and 55 epistatic loci were identified from QTL mapping using 7,545 specific lengths amplified fragment(SLAF)markers.Notably,an overlapping PmWEEP major QTL was fine mapped within a 0.29 Mb region on chromosome 7(Pa7),and a core SNP locus closely associated with the weeping trait was screened and validated.Furthermore,a total of 22 genes in the PmWEEP QTL region were expressed in weeping or upright mei based on RNA-seq analysis.Among them,only a novel gene(Pm024213)containing a thioredoxin(Trx)domain was found to be close to the core SNP and specifically expressed in buds and branches of weeping mei.Co-expression analysis of Pm024213 showed that most of the related genes were involved in auxin and lignin biosynthesis.These findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of the weeping trait and effective molecular markers for molecular-assisted breeding in Prunus mume. | Xiaokang Zhuo Tangchun Zheng Suzhen Li Zhiyong Zhang Man Zhang Yichi Zhang Sagheer Ahmad Lidan Sun Jia Wang Tangren Cheng Qixiang Zhang | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 0 |
| 18 | BULKED SEGREGANT RNA SEQUENCING(BSR-SEQ)IDENTIFIES A NOVEL ALLELE ASSOCIATED WITH WEEPING TRAITS IN PRUNUS MUME显示文摘Weeping species are used both as ornamental plants and for breeding dwarf plant types.However,exploration of casual genes controlling weeping traits is rather limited.Here,we identified individuals with contrasting phenotypes from an Fx bi-parental mapping population of Prunus mume which was developed from a cross between the upright cultivar/Liuban,and the weeping cultivar'Fentai Chuizhi'.Bulked segregant RNA sequencing was used and five QTLs on chromosome 7 were identified.The Pm024074(PmilGT72B3)allele,belonging to the UDP-glycosyltransferase superfamily containing the coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase domain,was identified in a genomic region overlapping with a previously identified QTL;and had a synonymous transition of T66(upright)to C(weeping)in the coding sequence and a 470-bp deletion in the promoter region.Pm024074 had exceptionally high expression in buds and stems of weeping P.mume.Weighted correlation network analysis indicates that genes neighboring Pm024074 were significantly associated with plant architecture.In addition,a reliable single nucleotide polymorphism marker was developed based on the variation in the Pm024074 gene,providing precise marker-assisted breeding for weeping traits.This study provides insights into the genetic mechanism governing the weeping trait in P.mume,and indicates potential applications for the manipulation of tree architecture. | Xiaokang ZHUO Tangchun ZHENG Zhiyong ZHANG Suzhen LI Yichi ZHANG Lidan SUN Weiru YANG Jia WANG Tangren CHENG Qixiang ZHANG | 2021 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2021，8，2： | 0 |
| 19 | Mapping the genetic architecture of developmental modularity in ornamental plants显示文摘Developmental modularity,i.e.,coherent organization and function of developmentally related traits,is an emergent property of organismic development and evolution.However,knowledge about how modular variation and evolution are driven genetically is still limited.Here,using ornamental plants as an example,we propose a computational framework to map,visualize and annotate the genetic architecture of trait modularity by integrating modularity theory into system mapping,a statistical model for multifaceted genetic mapping of complex traits.A developmental module can be viewed as an ecosystem,in which the constituting components compete for space and resources or cooperate symbiotically to organize its function and behavior.This interactive process is quantified by mathematical models and evolutionarily interpreted by game theory.The proposed framework can test whether and how genes regulate the coordination of different but interconnected traits through their competition or cooperation to downstream developmental modularity. | Zhenying Wen Libo Jiang Mingyu Li Ang Dong Meixia Ye Juan Meng Ping Li Tangren Cheng Qixiang Zhang Lidan Sun | 2021 | Ornamental Plant Research2021，1，1： | 0 |
| 20 | Harnessing self-heating effect for ultralow-crosstalk electro-optic Mach–Zehnder switches显示文摘This paper presents a novel approach to counterbalance free-carrier-absorption(FCA) in electro-optic(E-O)Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) cells by harnessing the self-heating effect. We show insights on crosstalk limitations in MZIs with direct carrier-injection and provide a detailed design methodology on a differential phase shifter pair. Leveraging both free-carrier dispersion(FCD) and self-heating effects, our design enables arbitrary phase tuning with balanced FCA loss in the pair of arms, eliminating the need for additional phase corrections and creating ultralow crosstalk MZI elements. This neat design disengages from the commonly used nested structure, thus providing an opportunity of embedding tunable couplers for correcting imperfect splitting ratios given that only two are needed. We show that with the use of tunable directional couplers, a standard±10 nm process variation is tolerated, while achieving a crosstalk ratio below-40 dB. By direct carrier injection in both arms, the proposed device operates at nanosecond scales and can bring about a breakthrough in the scalability of E-O switch fabrics, as well as other silicon integrated circuits that have stringent requirements for crosstalk leakage. | PENG BAO QIXIANG CHENG JINLONG WEI GIUSEPPE TALLI MAXIM KUSCHNEROV RICHARD V.PENTY | 2023 | Photonics Research2023，11，10： | 0 |
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