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| 1 | Where Does AlphaGo Go: From Church-Turing Thesis to AlphaGo Thesis and Beyond显示文摘An investigation on the impact and significance of the Alpha Go vs. Lee Sedol Go match is conducted, and concludes with a conjecture of the Alpha Go Thesis and its extension in accordance with the Church-Turing Thesis in the history of computing. It is postulated that the architecture and method utilized by the Alpha Go program provide an engineering solution for tackling issues in complexity and intelligence. Specifically,the Alpha Go Thesis implies that any effective procedure for hard decision problems such as NP-hard can be implemented with Alpha Go-like approach. Deep rule-based networks are proposed in attempt to establish an understandable structure for deep neural networks in deep learning. The success of Alpha Go and corresponding thesis ensure the technical soundness of the parallel intelligence approach for intelligent control and management of complex systems and knowledge automation. | Fei-Yue Wang Jun Jason Zhang Xinhu Zheng Xiao Wang Yong Yuan Xiaoxiao Dai Jie Zhang Liuqing Yang | 2016 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2016，3，2： | 44 |
| 2 | Titanium mesh for bone augmentation in oral implantology: current application and progress显示文摘Guided bone regeneration(GBR)is an effective and simple method for bone augmentation,which is often used to reconstruct the alveolar ridge when the bone defect occurs in the implant area.Titanium mesh has expanded the indications of GBR technology due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility,so that the GBR technology can be used to repair alveolar ridges with larger bone defects,and can obtain excellent and stable bone augmentation results.Currently,GBR with titanium mesh has various clinical applications,including different clinical procedures.Bone graft materials,titanium mesh covering methods,and titanium mesh fixing methods are also optional.Moreover,the research of GBR with titanium mesh has led to multifarious progresses in digitalization and material modification.This article reviews the properties of titanium mesh and the difference of titanium mesh with other barrier membranes;the current clinical application of titanium mesh in bone augmentation;common complications and management and prevention methods in the application of titanium mesh;and research progress of titanium mesh in digitization and material modification.Hoping to provide a reference for further improvement of titanium mesh in clinical application and related research of titanium mesh. | Yu Xie Songhang Li Tianxu Zhang Chao Wang Xiaoxiao Cai | 2020 | International Journal of Oral Science2020，12，4： | 22 |
| 3 | Cold adaptation in pigs depends on UCP3 in beige adipocytes显示文摘 | Jun Lin Chunwei Cao Cong Tao Rongcai Ye Meng Dong Qiantao Zheng Chao Wang Xiaoxiao Jiang Guosong Qin Changguo Yan Kui Li John R. Speakman Yanfang Wang Wanzhu Jin Jianguo Zhao | 2017 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2017，9，5： | 20 |
| 4 | Drug nanoclusters formed in confined nano-cages of CD-MOF: dramatic enhancement of solubility and bioavailability of azilsartan显示文摘Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the enhancement of drug solubility using nanotechnologies, but few of them are capable to produce drug particles with sizes less than a few nanometers. This challenge has been addressed here by using biocompatible versatile γ-cyclodextrin(γ-CD) metal-organic framework(CD-MOF) large molecular cages in which azilsartan(AZL) was successfully confined producing clusters in the nanometer range. This strategy allowed to improve the bioavailability of AZL in Sprague–Dawley rats by 9.7-fold after loading into CD-MOF. The apparent solubility of AZL/CD-MOF was enhanced by 340-fold when compared to the pure drug. Based on molecular modeling, a dual molecular mechanism of nanoclusterization and complexation of AZL inside the CD-MOF cages was proposed, which was confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) and synchrotron radiation-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(SR-FTIR) techniques. In a typical cage-like unit of CD-MOF, three molecules of AZL were included by the γ-CD pairs, whilst other three AZL molecules formed a nanocluster inside the 1.7 nm sized cavity surrounded by six γ-CDs. This research demonstrates a dual molecular mechanism of complexation and nanoclusterization in CD-MOF leading to significant improvement in the bioavailability of insoluble drugs. | Yuanzhi He Wei Zhang Tao Guo Guoqing Zhang Wei Qin Liu Zhang Caifen Wang Weifeng Zhu Ming Yang Xiaoxiao Hu Vikramjeet Singh Li Wu Ruxandra Gref Jiwen Zhang | 2019 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2019，9，1： | 13 |
| 5 | Concentrations and gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs in the urban air of Dalian,China显示文摘PCDD/Fs in the urban air of Dalian,China were monitored with high-volume active sampler from November 2009 to October 2010.The concentration of Cl 4-8 DD/Fs ranged from 3065 to 49538 fg m-3,with an average of 10249 fg m-3.The international toxic equivalents(I-TEQ) value of that was 61.8 1182 fg m-3,with an average of 235 fg m-3,which was comparable to those in the other urban locations around the world.It was found that the Cl 4 8 DD/Fs appeared to be present mainly in the particle phase during winter,spring and autumn,while during summer which were dominantly in gas phase.The ratio of Cl 4-8 DD/Fs present in particle phase increased with the increasing level of chlorination.The concentrations of PCDFs and PCDDs decreased with the increase of chlorinated level,while the concentrations of 2,3,7,8-PCDDs congeners increased with the increase of chlorination level.The homolog profiles of the concentrations of PCDFs presented were higher than those of the PCDDs,which indicated the PCDD/Fs pollution source of the air in Dalian was characteristic for thermal source pollution.The correlation analysis of meteorological parameters with the concentrations of Cl 4-8 CDD/Fs was conducted using SPSS packages,and it was found that the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure were important factors influence the concentration of PCDD/Fs in the air.The respiratory risk and intake dioxins of the residents around the sampling sites were studied in the paper.It was found that Junge-Pankow model was much more accurate in predicting the gas-particle partitioning behavior of PCDD/Fs homologues during winter,while the Harner-Bidleman model shows better agreement with the measured data during winter and summer. | QIN SongTao ZHU XiuHua WANG Wei CHEN JiPing NI YuWen LI XiaoXiao MU Jun Xu Qian SCHRAMM Karl-Werner | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，26： | 10 |
| 6 | Incremental value of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction显示文摘 | Xiaoxiao Zhang Li Yuan Linli Qiu Yali Yang Qing Lv Lin Li Jing Wang Lin He Li Zhang Xinfang Wang Mingxing Xie Xu Yu Jin | 2016 | Frontiers of Medicine2016，10，4： | 10 |
| 7 | Transdifferentiation of tumor infiltrating innate lymphoid cells during progression of colorectal cancer显示文摘Innate lymphoid cells(ILCs)reside in mucosal surfaces to potentiate immune responses,sustain mucosal integrity and maintain tissue homeostasis.However,how tumor infiltrating ILCs modulate tumor development and progression is unclear.Here we profiled tumor infiltrating ILCs during colorectal cancer(CRC)progression by single-cell RNA sequencing.We identified six clusters of tumor infiltrating ILCs with unique features.ILC1s expressed inhibitory receptors and underwent inhibitory functional conversion at the late stage of CRC.ILC2s were classified into three subsets(called ILC2-A,-B,-C),of which ILC2-C subset could facilitate tumor progression.HS3ST1 and PD1 were highly expressed in ILC2s of late stage CRC tumors and deficiency of HS3ST1 or PD1 in ILC2s suppressed tumor growth.Moreover,ILC3s transdifferentiated into ILCregs during CRC progression and ILCregs promoted tumor growth.Of note,TGF-βsignaling initiated the conversion of ILC3s to ILCregs and blockade of TGF-βsignaling could disrupt the ILCreg transdifferentiation and inhibited tumor growth.Thus,intervention of ILC conversions might be a potential strategy for CRC immunotherapy. | Shuo Wang Yuan Qu Pengyan Xia Yi Chen Xiaoxiao Zhu Jing Zhang Guan Wang Yong Tian Jianming Ying Zusen Fan | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，7： | 9 |
| 8 | Fluorescent nanoparticles for chemical and biological sensing显示文摘Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs), including quantum dots (QDs), dye-doped NPs, and rare earth-based NPs, etc., have been a major focus of research and development during the past decade. The impetus behind such endeavors can be attributed to their unique chemical and optical properties, such as bright fluorescence, high photostability, large Stocks shift and flexible processability. The introduction of fluorescent NPs into analytical chemistry has opened up new venues for fluorescent analysis. In this review, we focus on the developments and analytical applications of fluorescent NPs in the chemical and biological sensing of pH, ions, organic compounds, small biological molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, virus and bacteria. The review also points out the in vitro and in vivo imaging application of fluorescent NPs at the cell and body levels. Meanwhile, the ad- vantages of NPs brought field of sensing and signal transductions are also discussed. | LIU JianBo, YANG XiaoHai, HE XiaoXiao, WANG KeMin, WANG Qing, GUO QiuPing, SHI Hui, HUANG Jin & HUO XiQin State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biology, Hunan University Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China | 2011 | Science China Chemistry2011，54，8： | 9 |
| 9 | High strength and ductility Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy with bimodal structure and nano-precipitates显示文摘To resolve the strength-ductility trade-off problem for high-strength Mg alloys,we prepared a high performance Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5 Zr(wt%)alloy with yield strength of 371 MPa,ultimate tensile strength of 419MPa and elongation of 15.8%.The processing route involves extrusion,pre-deformation and aging,which leads to a bimodal structure and nano-precipitates.Back-stress originated from the deformationincompatibility in the bimodal-structure alloy can improve ductility.In addition,dislocation density in coarse grains increased during the pre-deformation strain of 2%,and the dislocations in coarse grains can promote the formation of chain-like nano-precipitates during aging treatment.The chain-like nanoprecipitates can act as barriers for dislocations slip and the existing mobile dislocations enable good ductility. | Xiaoxiao Wei Li Jin Fenghua Wang Jing Li Nan Ye Zhenyan Zhang Jie Dong | 2020 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2020，44，9： | 9 |
| 10 | The Impacts of Urbanization on the Distribution and Body Condition of the Rice-paddy Frog(Fejervarya multistriata) and Gold-striped Pond Frog(Pelophylax plancyi) in Shanghai,China显示文摘Previous studies have suggested that urbanization presents a major threat to anuran populations. However, very few studies have looked at the relationship between urbanization and anuran body condition. We investigated whether the distribution and body condition of the rice-paddy frog(Fejervarya multistriata) and gold-striped pond frog(Pelophylax plancyi) are influenced by increasing urbanization in Shanghai, China. Four study sites with six indicators of the major land-cover types were scored to indicate their position on an urbanization gradient. We found that both the density and body condition of F. multistriata declined significantly along this gradient. Although we observed a significant difference in body condition of P. plancyi among study sites with different degrees of urbanization, we did not find any corresponding significant differences in population density. Our results indicate that both the densities and body condition of these two anuran species show a negative relationship with increasing urbanization, but that the density of P. plancyi was only slightly affected in Shanghai. | Ben LI Wei ZHANG Xiaoxiao SHU Enle PEI Xiao YUAN Yujie SUN Tianhou WANG Zhenghuan WANG | 2016 | Asian Herpetological Research2016，7，3： | 9 |
| 11 | Effectiveness of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines Against Symptomatic,Pneumonia,and Severe Disease Caused by the Delta Variant:Real World Study and Evidence—China,2021显示文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Effectiveness of China’s 2 inactivated vaccines(BBIBPCorV and CoronaVac)against pre-Delta severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)variants ranged from 47%to over 90%,depending on the clinical endpoint,and with greater effectiveness against more severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).During an outbreak in Guangdong,inactivated vaccine effectiveness(VE)against the Delta variant was 70%for symptomatic infection and 100%for severe COVID-19.However,separate or combined VE estimates for the two inactivated vaccines against Delta are not available.What is added by this report?In an outbreak that started in a hospital,VEs of completed primary vaccination with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic COVID-19,COVID-19 pneumonia,and severe COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant were 51%,61%,and 82%.Completed primary vaccination reduced the risk of progressing from mild to moderate or severe COVID-19 by 74%.VE estimates for BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac or combined vaccination were similar,and partial vaccination was ineffective.What are the implications for public health practice?Completed primary vaccination with either of the 2 inactivated COVID-19 vaccines reduces risk of symptomatic COVID-19,COVID-19 pneumonia,and severe COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant.Completion of the completed primary vaccination with two doses is necessary for protection from Delta. | Dan Wu Yanyang Zhang Lin Tang Fuzhen Wang Ying Ye Chao Ma Hui Zheng Wenzhou Yu Lei Cao Yifan Song Abuduwaili Reyimu Xiaoxiao Zhang Haifeng Wang Yifei Nie Mingxia Lu Muge Qi Jun Li Ruolin Wang Kaichao Yang Changshuang Wang Lawrence Everett Rodewald Geroge Fu Gao Zhijie An Zundong Yin | 2022 | China CDC weekly2022，4，4： | 7 |
| 12 | MiR-31 regulates the function of diabetic endothelial progenitor cells by targeting Satb2显示文摘Endothelial 与糖尿病在病人失灵被知道导致脉管的疾病,并且 endothelial 祖先房间(EPC ) 为脉管的内皮细胞层的功能的保藏是不可缺少的。MicroRNA-31 (miR-31 ) 被发现了能调制干细胞的区别。然而, miR-31 怎么在糖尿病的 EPC 工作,仍然是不清楚的。这研究的目的是调查 miR-31 怎么调整糖尿病的 EPC 功能。在当前的学习, miR-31 表示在正常、糖尿病的 EPC 之间被比较。Satb2 根据计算预言在 EPC 作为 miR-31 的一个机能上地相关的目标被认出。我们也以它的 anti-apoptotic 效果探索了 miR-31 的角色。在 miR-31 表示的显著举起在糖尿病的 EPC 被发现,并且这提高的表情在高葡萄糖下面导致了压制的房间增长。miR-31 指向 Satb2,这也被发现,导致 anti-apoptotic 效果和 EPC 的功能的维护。而且,展出的 Satb2 击倒在健康、糖尿病的题目的 EPC 的增长和移植上的禁止的效果,它显示出象 miR-31 overexpression 的一样的趋势。相反地, Satb2 的 overexpression 显示出相反的效果。而且, Satb2 的 overexpression 在健康、糖尿病的题目稀释了 miR-31-induced 迁居和形成殖民地的能力减小和 EPC 的 apoptosis 正式就职。在糖尿病的 EPC,提高了葡萄糖水平被发现到起来调整 miR-31 表示,它接着提高了 EPC 的 malfunction 和死亡。在结论,我们的结果显示 miR-31 的起来规定可以由指向 Satb2 在糖尿病位于 endothelial 机能障碍下面。 | Weishuai Lian Xiaoxiao Hu Rongfeng Shi Shilong Han Chuanwu Cao Kun Wang Maoquan Li | 2018 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2018，50，4： | 7 |
| 13 | Design of freeform geometries in a MEMS accelerometer with a mechanical motion preamplifier based on a genetic algorithm显示文摘This paper describes a novel,semiautomated design methodology based on a genetic algorithm(GA)using freeform geometries for microelectromechanical systems(MEMS)devices.The proposed method can design MEMS devices comprising freeform geometries and optimize such MEMS devices to provide high sensitivity,large bandwidth,and large fabrication tolerances.The proposed method does not require much computation time or memory.The use of freeform geometries allows more degrees of freedom in the design process,improving the diversity and performance of MEMS devices.A MEMS accelerometer comprising a mechanical motion amplifier is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design approach.Experimental results show an improvement in the product of sensitivity and bandwidth by 100%and a sensitivity improvement by 141%compared to the case of a device designed with conventional orthogonal shapes.Furthermore,excellent immunities to fabrication tolerance and parameter mismatch are achieved. | Chen Wang Xiaoxiao Song Weidong Fang Fang Chen Ioannis Zeimpekis Yuan Wang Aojie Quan Jian Bai Huafeng Liu Gerold Schropfer Chris Welham Michael Kraft | 2020 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2020，6，1： | 6 |
| 14 | In vitro and in vivo investigation of bacterial cellulose dressing containing uniform silver sulfadiazine nanoparticles for burn wound healing显示文摘Silver sulfadiazine(SSD) particles in homogeneous dispersion state were prepared by an ultrasonic method and then nano- and microparticles were separated using centrifugation. SSD particles with narrow size distribution were impregnated with bacterial cellulose(BC) to produce BC–SSD composite membrane used as burn wound dressing. A scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of BC–SSD membranes. The incorporation of SSD in BC–SSD was confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD). Antimicrobial tests in vitro indicated that BC–SSD showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The effects of BC–SSD on burn wound healing were assessed by rat models. The comparative study confirmed that the wound treated with BC–SSD showed high healing rate. The bacteria count in BC–SSD group was far less than control group. Histological analysis showed that epithelialization progressed better in wound treated with BC–SSD. These values demonstrated that the BC–SSD composite membrane could be a promising wound dressing for burn. | Xiaoxiao Wen Yudong Zheng Jian Wu Lina Yue Cai Wang Jiabin Luan Zhigu Wu Kaisheng Wang | 2015 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2015，25，3： | 6 |
| 15 | Major Factors Affecting the Distribution of Anuran Communities in the Urban, Suburban and Rural Areas of Shanghai, China显示文摘There is a dearth of information on the effects of landscape and microhabitat variables on the distribution of anurans in areas of rapid urban development, in both tropical and subtropical regions. Therefore, we studied 24 wetlands sites from the center of Shanghai city, China extending outward to rural areas. Sampling was performed from May through July 2014. Urbanization was categorized by the proportion of hard ground cover. Transect sampling and ‘calling' surveys were used to investigated the richness and density of anurans; microhabitat factors were recorded simultaneously. One-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests were conducted to analyze differences of total density, species richness and density of individual anuran species in the three urbanization levels; redundancy analysis was carried out on the relationship between anuran density and environmental variables. Species richness was lowest in the areas where the proportion of hard ground cover was > 80%, and the total density of anurans was highest in the areas where coverage of the hard ground cover was < 30%. We recorded five species belonging to four genera and four families and an individual anuran species that had varied representations in urban environments. Beijing gold-striped pond frogs(Pelophylax plancyi) and Zhoushan toads(Bufo gargarizans) appeared to be well adapted to the Shanghai metropolis. Large water environments and aquatic vegetation(floating-leaves and emergent vegetation) were indicators of the presence of Beijing gold-striped pond frogs. The density of black-spotted pond frog(Pelophylax nigromaculatus) was at the lowest density in the areas where hard ground coverage was > 80%, and tended to prefer larger bodies of water. Hong Kong rice-paddy frogs(Fejervarya multistriata) and ornamented pygmy frogs(Microhyla achatina) both suffered severely from cropland loss due to urban development. Bare land around breeding grounds was important for Hong Kong rice-paddy frogs, since it usually chooses mud coast caves for hibernation. | Xiaoxiao SHU Wei ZHANG Ben LI Enle PEI Xiao YUAN Tianhou WANG Zhenghuan WANG | 2016 | Asian Herpetological Research2016，7，4： | 6 |
| 16 | Solid-Liquid Equilibria in the Quinary Na^+, K^+//CI^-, SO4^2-, B4O7^2- -H2O System at 298 K显示文摘 | Sang, Shihua | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry2011，29，6： | 5 |
| 17 | Comparison of Two Air Pollution Episodes over Northeast China in Winter 2016/17 Using Ground-Based Lidar显示文摘This study analyzes and compares aerosol properties and meteorological conditions during two air pollution episodes in 19–22(E1) and 25–26(E2) December 2016 in Northeast China. The visibility, particulate matter(PM) mass concentration, and surface meteorological observations were examined, together with the planetary boundary layer(PBL) properties and vertical profiles of aerosol extinction coefficient and volume depolarization ratio that were measured by a ground-based lidar in Shenyang of Liaoning Province, China during December 2016–January 2017.Results suggest that the low PBL height led to poor pollution dilution in E1, while the high PBL accompanied by low visibility in E2 might have been due to cross-regional and vertical air transmission. The PM mass concentration decreased as the PBL height increased in E1 while these two variables were positively correlated in E2. The enhanced winds in E2 diffused the pollutants and contributed largely to the aerosol transport. Strong temperature inversion in E1 resulted in increased PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, and the winds in E2 favoured the southwesterly transport of aerosols from the North China Plain into the region surrounding Shenyang. The large extinction coefficient was partially attributed to the local pollution under the low PBL with high ground-surface PM mass concentrations in E1,whereas the cross-regional transport of aerosols within a high PBL and the low PM mass concentration near the ground in E2 were associated with severe aerosol extinction at high altitudes. These results may facilitate better understanding of the vertical distribution of aerosol properties during winter pollution events in Northeast China. | Yanjun MA Hujia ZHAO Yunsheng DONG Huizheng CHE Xiaoxiao LI Ye HONG Xiaolan LI Hongbin YANG Yuche LIU Yangfeng WANG Ningwei LIU Cuiyan SUN | 2018 | Journal of Meteorological Research2018，32，2： | 5 |
| 18 | ICG@ZIF-8:One-step encapsulation of indocyanine green in ZIF-8 and use as a therapeutic nanoplatform显示文摘How to fabricate zeolitic imidazole framework-8(ZIF-8) based therapeutic nanoplatform will be of significance in biomedicine considering its good biocompatibility. Herein, we report a one-step encapsulation of indocyanine green(ICG) in ZIF-8 nanoparticles(NPs). The as-prepared ICG@ZIF-8 NPs possess an absorption band in the near infrared region and have the good photothermal conversion efficiency. The in vivo and in vitro studies show that, after loading chemotherapy agent hydrophobic doxorubicin(DOX), ICG@ZIF-8-DOX NPs exhibit the chem-and photothermal synergistic therapy for tumor. In addition, it is found that the embedded ICG molecules in ICG@ZIF-8 NPs can be disassociated and released into the solution upon the 808 nm laser irradiation, demonstrating that as-prepared ICG@ZIF-8 NPs can also be used as the optical imaging probe to trace the degradability behavior of resulting NPs in | Chao Yang Jing Xu Dandan Yang Xiaoxiao Wang Bin Liu Nongyue He Zhifei Wang | 2018 | Chinese Chemical Letters2018，29，9： | 5 |
| 19 | Analysis and Online Diagnosis on Plugging Fault of Servo Valve in Electro-hydraulic Regulating System of Steam Turbine显示文摘Through the study on the output signals of the electro-hydraulic regulating system in the thermal power plant, a novel method for online diagnosis of the plugging fault in the servo valve is presented. With the use of the AMESIM software, the changes of the piston displacement, the oil pressure, the magnitude attenuation and the phase lag of the system under different plugging states are studied after simulation. Besides, the influences of the symmetrical and unsymmetrical plugging on the system are also compared and the characteristic table is given. The duo-neural network is put forward to achieve an online diagnosis on the plugging fault of the servo valve. The first level of network helps to make the qualitative diagnosis of the plugging position while the second level is for the quantitative diagnosis of the degree of the plugged position. The research results show that plugging at different positions exerts different influences on the performance of the system. The unsymmetrical plugging mainly affects the regulation time while the symmetrical plugging leads to great changes in the magnitude attenuation and the phase lag. | WANG Xuanyin LI Xiaoxiao LI Fushang | 2009 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2009，22，2： | 5 |
| 20 | Perfecting and extending the near-infrared imaging window显示文摘In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window(NIR-II)has been considered as a promising technique for visualizing mammals.However,the definition of the NIR-II region and the mechanism accounting for the excellent performance still need to be perfected.Herein,we simulate the photon propagation in the NIR region(to 2340 nm),confirm the positive contribution of moderate light absorption by water in intravital imaging and perfect the NIR-II window as 900–1880 nm,where 1400–1500 and 1700–1880 nm are defined as NIR-IIx and NIR-IIc regions,respectively.Moreover,2080–2340 nm is newly proposed as the third near-infrared(NIR-III)window,which is believed to provide the best imaging quality.The wide-field fluorescence microscopy in the brain is performed around the NIRIIx region,with excellent optical sectioning strength and the largest imaging depth of intravital NIR-II fluorescence microscopy to date.We also propose 1400 nm long-pass detection in off-peak NIR-II imaging whose performance exceeds that of NIR-IIb imaging,using bright fluorophores with short emission wavelength. | Zhe Feng Tao Tang Tianxiang Wu Xiaoming Yu Yuhuang Zhang Meng Wang Junyan Zheng Yanyun Ying Siyi Chen Jing Zhou Xiaoxiao Fan Dan Zhang Shengliang Li Mingxi Zhang Jun Qian | 2021 | Light(Science & Applications)2021，10，10： | 4 |
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