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| 1 | 氯吡格雷的使用与药物洗脱支架植入后远期临床结果显示文摘背景:近来的冠状动脉内药物洗脱支架研究提示,现行的抗血小板治疗方案可能并不足以预防后期支架内血栓形成。目的:于接受药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stents,DESs)和裸金属支架(bare-metal stents,BMSs)治疗的冠状动脉病患者中评估氯吡格雷使用与患者远期结果的关系。设计、地点及患者:于连续患者中进行观察性研究。患者于2000年1月1日至2005年7月31日在杜克心脏治疗中心(一家位于北卡罗来纳州达累姆市的三级治疗中心)接受冠状动脉内支架治疗。于6、12、24个月时进行随访,直至2006年9月7日。研究人群包括4666例最初接受BMS(n=3165)或DES(n=1501)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的患者。对随访6和12个月没有事件(没有死亡、心肌梗死或血管重建手术)的患者进行界标分析(landmark analysis)。在这些时间点上根据支架类型以及自我报告之氯吡格雷的使用情况将患者分为4组:DES使用氯吡格雷组、DES不用氯吡格雷组、BMS使用氯吡格雷组以及BMS不用氯吡格雷组。主要观测指标:随访24个月时死亡、非致命性心肌梗死以及死亡或心肌梗死之复合终点。结果:在6个月时没有事件发生的DES组患者(637例使用、579例未使用氯吡格雷)中,氯吡格雷的使用是随访24个月校正死亡率较低(使用2.0%比未使用5.3%;差异,-3.3%;95%CI,-6.3%至-0.3%;P=0.03)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率较低(3.1%比7.2%;差异,-4.1%;95%CI,-7.6%至-0.6%;P=0.02)的显著预测指标。然而,在BMS组患者中(417例使用、1976例未用氯吡格雷),死亡(3.7%比4.5%;差异,-0.7%;95%CI,-2.9%至1.4%;P=0.50)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率(5.5%比6.0%;差异,-0.5%;95%CI,-3.2%至2.2%;P:0.70)没有差异。在12个月随访没有事件发生的DES组患者(252例使用、276例未用氯吡格雷)中,氯吡格雷的使用依然可以预测24个月死亡(0%比3.5%;差异,-3.5%;95%CI,-5.9%至-1.1%;P=0.004)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率(0%比4.5%;差异,-4.5%;95%CI,-7.1%至-1.9%;P〈0.001)较低。然而,在BMS组患者中(346例使用、1644例未用氯吡格雷),在死亡(3.3%比2.7%;差异,0.6%;95%CI,1.5%至2.8%;P=0.57)以及死亡或心肌梗死(4.7%比3.6%;差异,1.0%;95%CI,-1.6%至3.6%;P=0.44)发生方面,依然没有差异。结论:在接受DES治疗的患者中,延长氯吡格雷的使用可以使死亡以及死亡或心肌梗死的发生率下降。然而,使用氯吡格雷的适宜期限只能通过大型临床随机试验确定。 | Eric L Eisenstein, DBA Kevin J. Anstrom, PhD David F. Kong, MD Linda K. Shaw, MS Robert H. Tuttle, MSPH Daniel B. Mark, MD, MPH Judith M. Kramer, MD, MS Robert A. Harrington, MD David B. Matchar, MD David E. Kandzari, MD 1 Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH Kevin A. Schulman, MD Robert M. Califf, MD 李呈亿(译) David E. Kandzari, MD | 2007 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2007，26，3： | 60 |
| 2 | Factors associated with incomplete small bowel capsule endoscopy studies显示文摘AIM:To identify patient risk factors associated with incomplete small bowel capsule endoscopy(CE) studies.METHODS:Data from all CE procedures performed at St.Paul's Hospital in Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada,between December 2001 and June 2008 were collected and analyzed on a retrospective basis.Data collection for complete and incomplete CE study groups included patient demographics as well as a number of potential risk factors for incomplete CE including indication for the procedure,hospitalization,diabetes mellitus with or without end organ damage,limitations in mobility,renal insufficiency,past history of bowel obstruction,abdominal surgery,abdominal radiation therapy and opiate use.Risk factors were analyzed using a univariable and multivariable logistic regression model.RESULTS:From a total of 535 CE procedures performed,158 were incomplete(29.5%).The univariable analysis showed that CE procedures performed for overt gastrointestinal bleeding(P = 0.002),and for patients with a prior history of abdominal surgery(P = 0.023) or bowel obstruction(P = 0.023) were significantly associated with incomplete CE studies.Patients on opiate medications(P = 0.094) as well as hospitalized patients(P = 0.054) were not statistically significant,but did show a trend towards incomplete CE.The multivariable analysis showed that independent risk factors for an incomplete CE procedure include prior history of bowel obstruction [odds ratios(OR) 2.77,P = 0.02,95% confidence intervals(CI):1.17-6.56] and procedures performed for gastrointestinal bleeding(Occult OR 2.04,P = 0.037,95% CI:1.04-4.02 and Overt OR 2.69,P = 0.002,95% CI:1.44-5.05).Patients with a prior history of abdominal surgery(OR 1.46,P = 0.068,95% CI:0.97-2.19),those taking opiate medications(OR 1.54,P = 0.15,95% CI:0.86-2.76) and hospitalized patients(OR 1.82,P = 0.124,95% CI:0.85-3.93) showed a trend towards statistical significance.CONCLUSION:We have identified a number of risk factors for incomplete CE procedures that can be used to risk-stratify patients and guide interventions to improve completion rates. | Mitchell M Lee Andrew Jacques Eric Lam Ricky Kwok Pardis Lakzadeh Ajit Sandhar Brandon Segal Sigrid Svarta Joanna Law Robert Enns | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，42： | 10 |
| 3 | Biliary brush cytology:Factors associated with positive yields on biliary brush cytology显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the yield of brushing biliary strictures and the factors associated with a positive result in biliary strictures. METHODS: Data on all consecutive patients (01/02 -10/05) who were identified to have a biliary stricture and who underwent biliary brush cytology were collected. The yield of positive biliary brush cytology was evaluated and compared to results with the gold standard for diagnosis (defi ned as either defi nitive surgical histology or clinical course). Additionally,associated factors of positive results including stricture location,gender,age,mass size,length of stricture,and dilatation prior to brushing cytology were assessed. RESULTS: From 199 patients who had brushing cytology samples (10 patients were excluded due to lack of gold standard diagnosis),77 patients had positive brushing cytology (yield 41%). Variables associated with positive cytology brushing on initial endoscopic retrograde cholangiography were age 1.02 (1.00-1.05),mass size > 1 cm 2.22 (1.01-4.89) and length of stricture > 1 cm 3.49 (1.18-10.2). The sensitivity of biliary brushing was 61%,its specifi city 98%,the positive predictive value reached 99%,and the negative predictive value was 57%. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed a 41% positive yield from brushing cytology. The sensitivity of biliary brushing cytology in our center was 61% and the specif icity was 98%. Predictors of positive yield include older age,mass size > 1 cm,and stricture length of > 1 cm. | Nasim Mahmoudi Robert Enns Jack Amar Jaber AlAli Eric Lam Jennifer Telford | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，4： | 10 |
| 4 | Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours显示文摘 | Irvin M Modlin Kjell Oberg Daniel C Chung Robert T Jensen Wouter W de Herder Rajesh V Thakker Martyn Caplin Gianfranco Delle Fave Greg A Kaltsas Eric P Krenning Steven F Moss Ola Nilsson Guido Rindi Ramon Salazar Philippe Ruszniewski Anders Sundin | 2008 | Lancet Oncology2008，，1： | 8 |
| 5 | A tale of worldwide success:Behind the scenes of Carex(Cyperaceae)biogeography and diversification显示文摘The megadiverse genus Carex(c.2000 species,Cyperaceae)has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution,displaying an inverted latitudinal richness gradient with higher species diversity in cold-temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere.Despite great expansion in our knowledge of the phylogenetic history of the genus and many molecular studies focusing on the biogeography of particular groups during the last few decades,a global analysis of Carex biogeography and diversification is still lacking.For this purpose,we built the hitherto most comprehensive Carex-dated phylogeny based on three markers(ETS-ITS-matK),using a previous phylogenomic Hyb-Seq framework,and a sampling of two-thirds of its species and all recognized sections.Ancestral area reconstaiction,biogeographic stochastic mapping,and diversification rate analyses were conducted to elucidate macroevolutionary biogeographic and diversification patterns.Our results reveal that Carex originated in the late Eocene in E Asia,where it probably remained until the synchronous diversification of its main subgeneric lineages during the late Oligocene.E Asia is supported as the cradle of Carex diversification,as well as a< | Santiago Martin-Bravo Pedro Jimenez-Mejias Tamara Villaverde Marcial Escudero Marlene Hahn Daniel Spalink Eric H.Roalson Andrew L.Hipp the Global Carex Group Carmen Benitez-Benitez Leo P.Bruederle Elisabeth Fitzek Bruce A.Ford Kerry A.Ford Mira Gamer Sebastian Gebauer Matthias H.Hoffmann Xiao-Feng Jin Isabel Larridon Etienne Ldveilld-Bourret Yi-Fei Lu Modesto Luceno Enrique Maguilla Jose Ignacio Marquez-Corro Monica Miguez Robert Naczi Anton A.Reznicek Julian R.Starr | 2019 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2019，57，6： | 6 |
| 6 | Development of time series stacks of Landsat images for reconstructing forest disturbance history显示文摘Forest dynamics is highly relevant to a broad range of earth science studies,many of which have geographic coverage ranging from regional to global scales.While the temporally dense Landsat acquisitions available in many regions provide a unique opportunity for understanding forest disturbance history dating back to 1972,large quantities of Landsat images will need to be analysed for studies at regional to global scales.This will not only require effective change detection algorithms,but also highly automated,high level preprocessing capabilities to produce images with subpixel geolocation accuracies and best achievable radiometric consistency,a status called imagery-ready-to-use(IRU).This paper describes a streamlined approach for producing IRU quality Landsat time series stacks(LTSS).This approach consists of an image selection protocol,high level preprocessing algorithms and IRU quality verification procedures.The high level preprocessing algorithms include updated radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction for calculating surface reflectance and precision registration and orthorectification routines for improving geolocation accuracy.These automated routines have been implemented in the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive System(LEDAPS)designed for processing large quantities of Landsat images.Some characteristics of the LTSS developed using this approach are discussed. | Chengquan Huang Samuel N.Goward Jeffrey G.Masek Feng Gao Eric F.Vermote Nancy Thomas Karen Schleeweis Robert E.Kennedy Zhiliang Zhu Jeffery C.Eidenshink John R.G.Townshend | 2009 | International Journal of Digital Earth2009，2，3： | 5 |
| 7 | Pharmacological effects of lipid-lowering drugs on circulating adipokines显示文摘The cardioprotective effects of lipid-lowering drugs have been primarily attributed to their effects on blood lipid metabolism.However,emerging evidence indicates that lipid-lowering drugs also modulate the synthesis and secretion of adipose tissue-secreted proteins referred to as adipokines.Adipokines influence energy homeostasis and metabolism and have also been shown to modulate the vascular inflammatory cascade.The purpose of this review will be to examine the reported effects of commonly used lipid-lowering drugs(statins,fibrates,niacin and omega-3-fatty acids) on the circulating concentrations of leptin,adiponectin,tumor necrosisfactor-α(TNF-α),Retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) and resistin.Overall,the lipid-lowering drugs reviewed have minimal effects on leptin and resistin concentrations.Conversely,circulating adiponectin concentrations are consistently increased by each lipid-lowering drug reviewed with the greatest effects produced by niacin.Studies that have examined the effects of statins,niacin and omega-3-fatty acids on TNF-α demonstrate that these agents have little effect on circulating TNF-α concentrations.Niacin and fibrates appear to lower RBP4 but not resistin concentrations.The results of the available studies suggest that a strong relationship exists between pharmacological reductions in blood lipids and adiponectin that is not obvious for other adipokines reviewed. | Desiree Wanders Eric P Plaisance Robert L Judd | 2010 | World Journal of Diabetes2010，1，4： | 5 |
| 8 | Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016): a multicentre, randomised trial显示文摘 | David Sebag-Montefiore Richard J Stephens Robert Steele John Monson Robert Grieve Subhash Khanna Phil Quirke Jean Couture Catherine de Metz Arthur Sun Myint Eric Bessell Gareth Griffiths Lindsay C Thompson Mahesh Parmar | 2009 | The Lancet2009，，9666： | 5 |
| 9 | Mesenchymal stem cell treatment improves outcome of COVID-19 patients via multiple immunomodulatory mechanisms显示文摘The infusion of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients with mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)potentially improves clinical symptoms,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.We conducted a randomized,single-blind,placebo-controlled(29 patients/group)phase II clinical trial to validate previous findings and explore the potential mechanisms.Patients treated with umbilical cord-derived MSCs exhibited a shorter hospital stay(P=0.0198)and less time required for symptoms remission(P=0.0194)than those who received placebo.Based on chest images,both severe and critical patients treated with MSCs showed improvement by day 7(P=0.0099)and day 21(P=0.0084).MSC-treated patients had fewer adverse events.MSC infusion reduced the levels of C-reactive protein,proinflammatory cytokines,and neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)and promoted the maintenance of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies.To explore how MSCs modulate the immune system,we employed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on peripheral blood.Our analysis identified a novel subpopulation of VNN2+hematopoietic stem/progenitorlike(HSPC-like)cells expressing CSF3R and PTPRE that were mobilized following MSC infusion.Genes encoding chemotaxis factors—CX3CR1 and L-selectin—were upregulated in various immune cells.MSC treatment also regulated B cell subsets and increased the expression of costimulatory CD28 in T cells in vivo and in vitro.In addition,an in vivo mouse study confirmed that MSCs suppressed NET release and reduced venous thrombosis by upregulating kindlin-3 signaling.Together,our results underscore the role of MSCs in improving COVID-19 patient outcomes via maintenance of immune homeostasis. | Rongjia Zhu Tingdong Yan Yingmei Feng Yan Liu Hongcui Cao Gongxin Peng Yanlei Yang Zhen Xu Jingqi Liu Wei Hou Xiaoyue Wang Zhe Li Luchan Deng Shihua Wang Jing Li Qin Han Hongling Li Guangliang Shan Yinghao Cao Xingyan An Jianshe Yan Zhonghui Zhang Huafei Li Xuebin Qu Jiaqi Zhu Shumin Zhou Jiao Wang Fengchun Zhang Jinming Gao Ronghua Jin Dayong Xu Yan-Qing Ma Tao Huang Shuang Peng Zhi Zheng Ilia Stambler Eric Gilson Lee Wei Lim Alexey Moskalev Antonio Cano Sasanka Chakrabarti Brun Ulfhake Huanxing Su Haoying Xu Sihuan Xu Feng Wei Holly MBrown-Borg Kyung-Jin Min Georgina Ellison-Hughes Calogero Caruso Kunlin Jin Robert Chunhua Zhao | 2021 | Cell Research2021，31，12： | 5 |
| 10 | Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir fixed-dose combination with and without ribavirin in treatment-naive and previously treated patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection (LONESTAR): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Eric Lawitz Fred F Poordad Phillip S Pang Robert H Hyland Xiao Ding Hongmei Mo William T Symonds John G McHutchison Fernando E Membreno | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，： | 5 |
| 11 | RECENT ADVANCES IN RESEARCH AND FORECASTING OF TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK, INTENSITY, AND STRUCTURE AT LANDFALL显示文摘This review prepared for the fourth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclone Landfall Processes(IWTCLP-4) summarizes the most recent(2015-2017) theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of tropical cyclone(TC) track, intensity, and structure rapid changes at or near landfall. Although the focus of IWTCLPIV was on landfall, this summary necessarily embraces the characteristics of storms during their course over the ocean prior to and leading up to landfall. In the past few years, extremely valuable observational datasets have been collected for TC forecasting guidance and research studies using both aircraft reconnaissance and new geostationary or low-earth orbiting satellites at high temporal and spatial resolution. Track deflections for systems near complex topography such as that of Taiwan and La Réunion have been further investigated, and advanced numerical models with high spatial resolution necessary to predict the interaction of the TC circulation with steep island topography have been developed. An analog technique has been designed to meet the need for longer range landfall intensity forecast guidance that will provide more time for emergency preparedness. Probabilistic track and intensity forecasts have also been developed to better communicate on forecast uncertainty. Operational practices of several TC forecast centers are described herein and some challenges regarding forecasts and warnings for TCs making landfall are identified. This review concludes with insights from both researchers and forecasters regarding future directions to improve predictions of TC track, intensity, and structure at landfall. | MARIE-DOMINIQUE LEROUX KIMBERLY WOOD RUSSELL L.ELSBERRY ESPERANZA O.CAYANAN ERIC HENDRICKS MATTHEW KUCAS PETER OTTO ROBERT ROGERS BUCK SAMPSON ZIFENG YU | 2018 | Tropical Cyclone Research and Review2018，7，2： | 4 |
| 12 | Recurrent ectopic pancreatitis of the jejunum and mesentery over a 30-year period显示文摘BACKGROUND:Ectopic pancreas is defined as pancreatic tissue found outside its usual anatomical position,with no ductal or vascular communication with the native pancreas. We describe a case of ectopic pancreas of the small bowel and mesentery causing recurrent episodes of pancreatitis, initially suspected on computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP),and confirmed on histological review of the resection. METHODS:A 67-year-old woman presented with clinical symptoms and biochemical evidence of pancreatitis.She had similar episodes over the past 30 years with unrevealing investigations,and was concluded to have idiopathic pancreatitis. She underwent CT and MRCP,with findings suggestive of ectopic pancreas,a diagnosis confirmed on histology of the resection. RESULTS:MRCP identified a mass in the proximal small bowel mesentery isointense to the native pancreas,with a small duct draining into a proximal jejunal loop.The resected specimen consisted of normal parenchyma with lobulated acinar tissue with scattered islets of Langerhans,an occasional ductular structure,and admixed areas of adipose tissue.The patient remained asymptomatic with normal biochemistry six months post-operatively. CONCLUSION:In an individual with abdominal pain,elevated serum amylase/lipase,but imaging findings of a normal native pancreas,ectopic pancreatitis should be considered,and can be evaluated by CT and MRCP. | John CT Wong Charlotte Robinson Edward C Jones Alison Harris Charles Zwirewich Robert Wakefield Richard K Simons Eric M Yoshida | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，2： | 4 |
| 13 | Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: Definitions, Management, and Role of Preoperative Therapy显示文摘 | Gauri R. Varadhachary MD Eric P. Tamm MD James L. Abbruzzese MD Henry Q. Xiong MD Christopher H. Crane MD Huamin Wang MD Jeffrey E. Lee MD Peter W. T. Pisters MD Douglas B. Evans MD Robert A. Wolff MD | 2006 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2006，，8： | 4 |
| 14 | Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: Need for Standardization and Methods for Optimal Clinical Trial Design显示文摘 | Matthew H. G. Katz Robert Marsh Joseph M. Herman Qian Shi Eric Collison Alan P. Venook Hedy L. Kindler Steven R. Alberts Philip Philip Andrew M. Lowy Peter W. T. Pisters Mitchell C. Posner Jordan D. Berlin Syed A. Ahmad | 2013 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2013，，8： | 4 |
| 15 | 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions显示文摘 | Glenn N. Levine Eric R. Bates James C. Blankenship Steven R. Bailey John A. Bittl Bojan Cercek Charles E. Chambers Stephen G. Ellis Robert A. Guyton Steven M. Hollenberg Umesh N. Khot Richard A. Lange Laura Mauri Roxana Mehran Issam D. Moussa Debabrata Mu | 2011 | Circulation2011，，23： | 3 |
| 16 | Epidemiology of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in the Mbam and Sanaga river valleys of Cameroon:impact of more than 13 years of ivermectin显示文摘Background:A high epilepsy prevalence has been reported in several onchocerciasis-endemic villages along the Mbam and Sanaga river valleys in Cameroon,including Bilomo and Kelleng.We sought to determine the prevalence of epilepsy in these two villages following more than 13 years of community-directed treatment with ivermectin(CDTI).Methods:Door-to-door surveys were performed on the entire resident population in the villages in August 2017 and January 2018.Epilepsy was diagnosed using a 2-step approach:administration of a standardized 5-item questionnaire followed by confirmation by a neurologist.Previously published diagnostic criteria for onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)were used.Ov16 serology was done for children aged 7-10 years to assess onchocerciasis transmission.Findings were compared with previous data from these two villages.Results:A total of 1525 individuals(1321 in Bilomo and 204 in Kelleng)in 233 households were surveyed in both villages.The crude prevalence of epilepsy was 4.6%in Bilomo(2017)and 7.8%in Kelleng(2018),including 12(15.6%of cases)persons with epilepsy(PWE)with nodding seizures.The age and sex-standardized prevalence in Kelleng decreased from 13.5%in 2004 to 9.3%in 2018(P<0.001).The median age of PWE shifted from 17(IQR:12-22)years to 24(IQR:20-30)years in Bilomo(P<0.001);and slightly from 24(IQR:14-34)years to 28(IQR:21.25-36.75)years in Kelleng(P=0.112).Furthermore,47.6%of all tested children between 7 and 10 years had Ov16 antibodies.Conclusions:There is a decrease in epilepsy prevalence after 13 years and more of CDTI in both villages.The age-shift observed in PWE suggests that ivermectin may prevent OAE in younger residents.Ov16 seropositivity in children indicates ongoing onchocerciasis transmission possibly due to suboptimal control measures.Our findings support the existence of OAE in Cameroon and highlight the need to strengthen onchocerciasis elimination programs. | Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo Godwin Tatah Earnest Njih Tabah Leonard Ngarka Leonard Njamnshi Nfor Samuel Eric Chokote Michel KMengnjo Fidele Dema Aurelien Tele Sitouok Grace Nkoro Felicien ENtone Anne-Cecile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek Cedric BChesnais Michel Boussinesq Robert Colebunders Alfred K.Njamnshi | 2018 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Apple whole genome sequences:recent advances and new prospects显示文摘In 2010,a major scientific milestone was achieved for tree fruit crops:publication of the first draft whole genome sequence(WGS)for apple(Malus domestica).This WGS,v1.0,was valuable as the initial reference for sequence information,fine mapping,gene discovery,variant discovery,and tool development.A new,high quality apple WGS,GDDH13 v1.1,was released in 2017 and now serves as the reference genome for apple.Over the past decade,these apple WGSs have had an enormous impact on our understanding of apple biological functioning,trait physiology and inheritance,leading to practical applications for improving this highly valued crop.Causal gene identities for phenotypes of fundamental and practical interest can today be discovered much more rapidly.Genome-wide polymorphisms at high genetic resolution are screened efficiently over hundreds to thousands of individuals with new insights into genetic relationships and pedigrees.High-density genetic maps are constructed efficiently and quantitative trait loci for valuable traits are readily associated with positional candidate genes and/or converted into diagnostic tests for breeders.We understand the species,geographical,and genomic origins of domesticated apple more precisely,as well as its relationship to wild relatives.The WGS has turbo-charged application of these classical research steps to crop improvement and drives innovative methods to achieve more durable,environmentally sound,productive,and consumer-desirable apple production.This review includes examples of basic and practical breakthroughs and challenges in using the apple WGSs.Recommendations for“what’s next”focus on necessary upgrades to the genome sequence data pool,as well as for use of the data,to reach new frontiers in genomics-based scientific understanding of apple. | Cameron P.Peace Luca Bianco Michela Troggio Eric van de Weg Nicholas P.Howard Amandine Cornille Charles-Eric Durel Sean Myles ZoëMigicovsky Robert J.Schaffer Evelyne Costes Gennaro Fazio Hisayo Yamane Steve van Nocker Chris Gottschalk Fabrizio Costa David Chagné Xinzhong Zhang Andrea Patocchi Susan E.Gardiner Craig Hardner Satish Kumar Francois Laurens Etienne Bucher Dorrie Main Sook Jung Stijn Vanderzande | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016): a multicentre, randomised trial显示文摘 | David Sebag-Montefiore Richard J Stephens Robert Steele John Monson Robert Grieve Subhash Khanna Phil Quirke Jean Couture Catherine de Metz Arthur Sun Myint Eric Bessell Gareth Griffiths Lindsay C Thompson Mahesh Parmar | 2009 | The Lancet2009，，9666： | 3 |
| 19 | ACCF/ACG/AHA 2008 Expert Consensus Document on Reducing the Gastrointestinal Risks of Antiplatelet Therapy and NSAID Use: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents显示文摘 | Deepak L. Bhatt James Scheiman Neena S. Abraham Elliott M. Antman Francis K.L. Chan Curt D. Furberg David A. Johnson Kenneth W. Mahaffey Eamonn M. Quigley Robert A. Harrington Eric R. Bates Charles R. Bridges Mark J. Eisenberg Victor A. Ferrari Mark A. Hl | 2008 | Circulation2008，，18： | 3 |
| 20 | Sofosbuvir with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C genotype-1 infection (ATOMIC): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Kris V Kowdley Eric Lawitz Israel Crespo Tarek Hassanein Mitchell N Davis Michael DeMicco David E Bernstein Nezam Afdhal John M Vierling Stuart C Gordon Jane K Anderson Robert H Hyland Hadas Dvory-Sobol Di An Robert G Hindes Efsevia Albanis William T Symo | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9883： | 3 |
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